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samenvatting celmobi: Hoofdstuk 1: Wat is leven? $3.75
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samenvatting celmobi: Hoofdstuk 1: Wat is leven?

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samenvatting celmobi: Hoofdstuk 1: Wat is leven?

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  • December 21, 2021
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  • 2021/2022
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Hoofdstuk 1: Wat is leven?




Leven is een fysico-chemisch systeem dat door middel van uitwisseling van E en materie met de
omgeving en door inwendig metabolisme in staat is om zich in stand te houden, te groeien en zich aan
te passen aan de omgeving, zowel op korte als op lange termijn

• Cellulaire organisatie van leven:
→ alle organismen bestaan uit cellen
→ cellen = basiseenheid van leven
→ cellen ontstaan uit cellen: een cel kan delen in 2 dochtercellen
→ prokaryote en eukaryote cellen
→ ééncellige en meercellige eukaryoten
→ prokaryote cel: 1 – enkele µm, eukaryote cel: 10 – 50 µm
• Eigenschappen van leve,:
→ Cellulaire basis: semi-permeabel membraan
→ Homeostase: constant intern milieu
→ Metabolisme of stofwisseling = biochemische processen
→ Groei: groter worden
→ Ontwikkeling: geprogrammeerde veranderingen tijdens groei
→ Reactie op stimuli (inwendig / uitwendig milieu)
→ Voortplanting: voortbestaan soort
→ Erfelijkheid: info in DNA + celdeling
→ Evolutie: mutaties
• Microscoop: resolutie = min. afstand tussen 2 punten zodat ze zichtbaar zijn door de
Microscoop
→ Lichtmicroscopie: cellen en subcellulaire organellen (grotere)
→ Bright-field: licht door cel, absorptie => contrast
→ Fasecontrast: faseverschuiving door verstrooiing + diffractie
→ Fluorescentie: molecule krijgt fluorescent label => absorptie v/e bepaalde golflengte
en stuurt andere terug
→ Autofluorescentie = eigen fluorescentie
→ Immunofluorescentie = binding tussen stoffen
• —
e microscopie (in hoogvacuüm)
→ e- doorheen staal gezonden = transitie-EM
→ e- reflecteren = scanning-EM

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