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La spermatogenèse et l'ovogenèse

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On décrit les étapes de la spermatogenèse et de l'ovogenèse.

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  • December 21, 2021
  • 2
  • 2020/2021
  • Interview
  • Unknown
  • Unknown
  • Secondary school
  • 3º Degres
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Bio : la spermatogenèse et l’ovogenèse.


La gamétogenèse : différenciation des cellules reproductrices (gamètes).

Ce processus se déroule dans les gonades.




Spermatogenèse.
Spermatogenèse : formation de gamètes mâles (spermatozoïdes).
Est continue, de la puberté à la mort avec ralentissement en fin de vie.
Commence par phase de multiplication cellulaire = cellules germinales diploïdes
(spermatogonies) se divisent par mitose.
Quand ça cesse, il y a une phase d’accroissement qui débute = augmentation des cellules
par accroissement du cytoplasme, duplication d’ADN --> spermatocytes de premier ordre ou
spermatocytes I.
Les spermatocytes I subissent la méiose (deux divisions successives) = haploïdie
des cellules formées (chacune contient un chromosome de chaque paire avec un
chromatide) = phase de maturation.

• Première division par méiose : spermatocyte I = naissance deux spermatocytes II ou
spermatocytes de deuxième ordre.
• À la fin = 4 spermatides morphologiquement identiques. Phase de différenciation
(spermiogenèse) = transformation en spermatozoïde. Spermatide (ronde) devient
cellule flagellée à cytoplasme réduit (spermatozoïde).
Conclusion : 3 étapes dans la spermatogenèse :

• Multiplication des spermatogonies par mitose (conservation du capital des cellules
germinales souches (spermatogonies) et production d’une famille de
spermatogonies (subissent la méiose).
• Méiose sans pause et production de 4 spermatides haploïdes.
• Spermiogenèse (transformation des spermatides [rondes et indifférenciées]) en
spermatozoïdes (gamètes mâles hyperspécialisées).

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