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The Geological Time-scale
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The Geological Time-Scale Key Ideas PALAEONTOLOGICAL RECORD eons, eras, periods and epochs history of Earth
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Student: ………………………… Date received: …………….Handout 9 of 14
(Topic 3.3)
The Geological Time-scale
The Grand Canyon, eroded by the Colorado River, viewed from the South Rim
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Grandcanyon_laban.jpg). The canyon is less
than six million years old, but exposes Proterozoic, Palaeozoic and Mesozoic
sedimentary strata.
,The History of the Earth
The Geological Time-Scale
Key Ideas Intended Student Learning
Fossil evidence was used to develop the Explain the relationship between the fossil record
geological time-scale. and the eras in the geological time-scale.
Explain why the fossil record is inevitably
incomplete, especially for organisms that lived
more than 600 million years ago.
Identify each of the following fossils and explain
its significance within the geological time-scale:
Ediacaran fauna Archaeocyatha
Trilobites Graptolites
Dinosaurs Mammals.
Ammonites
Isotopic dating is a means of assigning absolute Explain, in terms of parent/daughter elements and
ages to rocks. half-life, the concept of radioactive decay.
Interpret decay curves.
Topic 3.3 The Geological Time-scale Page 2 of 30
, The Geological Time-Scale
This is the revised Geological Time-Scale and will be provided to you in the 2006 examination.
Date at Boundary
Eon Era Period Epoch
(Ma = million years ago)
Neogene
(previously Quaternary) Holocene
0.01
Pleistocene
Old Tertiary-Quaternary
boundary 1.5
Pliocene
5
Cainozoic
Miocene
24
Oligocene
35
Palaeogene Eocene
(previously Tertiary)
55
Palaeocene
Phanerozoic
65
Cretaceous
Mesozoic
145
Jurassic
210
Triassic
250
Permian
300
Carboniferous
350
Palaeozoic
Devonian
400
Silurian
440
Ordovician
500
Cambrian
540
Ediacaran
Proterozoic
600
2500
Archaean
4500
Topic 3.3 The Geological Time-scale Page 3 of 30
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