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Samenvatting Diversiteit aan Doelgroepen
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In dit document wordt heel de theorie van Diversiteit aan Doelgroepen behandeld.
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Samenvatting Diversiteit aanDoelgroepen
Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: Personen met een autismespectrumstoornis (ASS)....................................................4
Historiek.............................................................................................................................................4
Definitie..............................................................................................................................................4
Prevalentie..........................................................................................................................................5
Diagnose.............................................................................................................................................5
Diagnose – DSM V.....................................................................................................................6
Beperkingen in sociale communicatie en interactie...........................................................................6
Sociaal-emotionele wederkerigheid.........................................................................................6
(non-)verbaal communicatief gedrag.......................................................................................6
Aangaan, onderhouden en begrijpen van relaties....................................................................7
Repetitief gedrag en specifieke interesses..........................................................................................7
Stereotype bewegingen of spraak............................................................................................7
Weerstand tegen verandering, vasthouden aan routines........................................................7
Zeer beperkte, gefixeerde interesses.......................................................................................7
Zintuiglijke gevoeligheid – prikkelverwerking...........................................................................7
Uitingsvormen....................................................................................................................................9
4 uitingsvormen van ASS..........................................................................................................9
Cognitieve aspecten van ASS..............................................................................................................9
Theory of mind.........................................................................................................................9
Executieve functie..................................................................................................................10
Centrale coherentie................................................................................................................11
Al die theorieën......................................................................................................................11
In de praktijk.....................................................................................................................................11
Drie graadsstrategieën van Kok (zie extra papieren)..............................................................11
Kijken naar krachten en kunnen.............................................................................................12
Hoofdstuk 2: ADHD........................................................................................................................13
Historiek...........................................................................................................................................13
Definitie............................................................................................................................................13
Prevalentie........................................................................................................................................14
Oorzaken..........................................................................................................................................14
Erfelijkheid..............................................................................................................................14
Executieve functies.................................................................................................................14
, Hersenen................................................................................................................................14
Intrinsieke motivatie...............................................................................................................14
Risicofactoren...................................................................................................................................14
Diagnose...........................................................................................................................................15
Overwegend onoplettende type.............................................................................................15
Overwegend hyperactieve/impulsieve type...........................................................................15
Gecombineerde type..............................................................................................................15
Stoornissen die op ADHD lijken of overlappen.................................................................................15
In de praktijk.....................................................................................................................................16
Kinderen.................................................................................................................................16
Volwassenen...........................................................................................................................17
In de klas.................................................................................................................................17
Hoofdstuk 3: dementie..................................................................................................................18
Historiek...........................................................................................................................................18
Definitie............................................................................................................................................18
Prevalentie........................................................................................................................................18
Diagnose...........................................................................................................................................19
DSM V.....................................................................................................................................19
Verschillende stadia..........................................................................................................................20
In de praktijk.....................................................................................................................................21
Communicatie........................................................................................................................21
Voeding...................................................................................................................................21
Woonomgeving......................................................................................................................21
Hoofdstuk 4: Personen met een niet-aangeboren hersenletsel (NAH)..........................................22
Historiek...........................................................................................................................................22
Definitie............................................................................................................................................22
Onze hersenen:.......................................................................................................................22
NAH........................................................................................................................................23
Prevalentie........................................................................................................................................23
Weinig cijfergegevens omwille van diversiteit........................................................................23
Diagnose...........................................................................................................................................23
Traumatische oorzaken..........................................................................................................23
Niet-traumatische oorzaken...................................................................................................24
Andere oorzaken....................................................................................................................24
ICF-model...............................................................................................................................25
Gevolgen.................................................................................................................................25
In de praktijk.....................................................................................................................................27
Tips bij aandacht- en concentratiestoornissen:......................................................................27
, Tips bij geheugenproblemen:.................................................................................................27
Tips bij problemen met de executieve functies:.....................................................................27
Tips bij emotionele en gedragsveranderingen:.......................................................................27
Hoofdstuk 5: gedrags- en emotionele stoornissen (GES+).............................................................29
Historiek...........................................................................................................................................29
Definitie............................................................................................................................................29
Prevalentie........................................................................................................................................29
Diagnose...........................................................................................................................................30
In de praktijk.....................................................................................................................................31
Het werkveld..........................................................................................................................31
Aanvraag.................................................................................................................................32
Kanttekening...........................................................................................................................33
LSCI.........................................................................................................................................33
PTV en MARS..........................................................................................................................33
Hoofdstuk 6: Syndroom van Down.................................................................................................34
Historiek...........................................................................................................................................34
Definitie............................................................................................................................................34
Trisomie 21.............................................................................................................................34
Mozaïcisme.............................................................................................................................34
Translocatie............................................................................................................................34
Prevalentie........................................................................................................................................35
Diagnose...........................................................................................................................................35
Prentaal onderzoek................................................................................................................35
Medische gevolgen...........................................................................................................................35
Uiterlijke kenmerken..............................................................................................................35
Minder zichtbare medische gevolgen.....................................................................................36
In de praktijk.....................................................................................................................................36
Belang van familie en omgeving.............................................................................................36
Early intervention...................................................................................................................37
Denkstimulering of mediërend leren......................................................................................37
SMOG.....................................................................................................................................37
Omgaan met dementie...........................................................................................................37
, Hoofdstuk 1: Personen met een
autismespectrumstoornis (ASS)
Historiek
Symptomen van autisme
o = gerelateerd aan psychotische stoornissen
o = voorloper op de ontwikkeling van schizofrenie
o (schizofrenie = langdurige en terugkomende psychoses)
o Iemand met de symptomen van autisme kreeg dus snel de stempel van
‘psychiatrisch patiënt’ en/of ‘mentaal beperkt’
Leo Kanner
o Geboren in Oostenrijk
o Gestudeerd in Duitsland
o Woonde in de VS
o beschreef als eerste ‘autisme’ als een stoornis op zich (1943)
o ‘het in zichzelf gekeerde gedrag’ was belangrijkste symptoom
Hans Asperger
o Geboren in Oostenrijk
o Gestudeerd in Duitsland
o Kende Kanner niet! (WO II)
o Beschreef ‘autisme’ als iets positief: ‘kleine professors’ met weinig
inlevingsvermogen en sociale vaardigheden (1944)
Definitie
Autisme
o = aangeboren stoornis
vrijwel altijd ontdekt tijdens de kinderjaren
o = pervasieve ontwikkelingsstoornis
De stoornis is zo indringend en fundamenteel dat het ‘je wezen’ aantast nl.
verschillende vaardigheidsgebieden worden beïnvloed
o = geen duidelijk eenduidig beeld mogelijk
Veel verschillende kenmerken die in meer of mindere mate tot uiting komen
Zorgt voor een grote verscheidenheid of spectrum
Niet meer ‘pervasieve ontwikkelingsstoornis’ (DSM VI)
Wel: autismespectrumstoornis = ASS (DSM V)
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