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Summary EDT303Q Summarised Study Notes
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EDT303Q summarized notes for exam preparation. for assistance. All the best on your exams!!
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EDT303QNOTES
,STUDYUNI
T2:AFRI
CANI
NDI
GENOUSRELI
GIONS:
I
NDIGENOUSDEFI NI
TION:
Theclai
mt ohavebeenthefi
rstoror
igi
nali
nhabi
tant
sofa
t
err
it
ory.Exampl
es:t
heabori
gineswerethef
ir
stinhabi
tant
sinAustr
ali
a.
NB:Iti
simport
antt
onotethathi
stor
iansemphasi
sethati
ndigenei
tyi
sunchangi
ng.The
onl
ychangingi
sofhybri
dnatureandsuchchangesareascr
ibedtthemi
grati
onand
i
nter
acti
onswithot
hergr
oups.
AFRI
CANI
NDI
GENOUSRELI
GIONS:
Changei
sdescr
ibedi
nter
msof
:
Precol
oni
alencounter
s(nowritt
enr
ecordst
her
eforearchaeol
ogi
calevi
denceand
comparat
iveanthr
opologi
cal
fiel
dworkamongoralsoci
eti
es)
Col
onialencount
ers(wri
tt
enrecordsavai
labl
e,butshoul
dbecareful
lyanal
ysed
duetotheprej
udi
ceEuropeanauthor
sshowedt owardsAfr
icans)
Post
col
oni
alencount
ers(wi
llbedi
scussedbel
ow)
ACCORDI
NGTOANTHROPOLOGI
STS>>>>
THEYMAKEDI
STINCTI
ONSBETWEENTWOGROUPSOFAFRI
CANI
NDI
GENOUS
PEOPLESI
NSOUTHERNAFRI
CA
THEYDOTHI
SONTHEBASI
SOF:
LANGUAGE
TERRI
TORY
HI
STORY
THESETWOGROUPSARE:
SANHUNTER-
GATHERERS
TRADI
TIONALAFRI
CANFARMERS
,SANHUNTER-
GATHERERS:
ROCKPAINTI
NGSINDRAKENSBERGSHELTERSASEVI
DENCEOFTHEI
R
TRADI
TIONALRELI
GION
EARLI
ESTHUMANI
NHABI
TANTSOFSOUTHERNAFRI
CA
POPULATEDTHEAREASI
NCENEOLI
THI
CTI
MES
MENWEREHUNTERS
WOMENWEREGATHERERSOFEDI
BLEPLANTS
GENDERRELATI
ONSHI
PWASFAI
RLYEQUAL
LI
VEDINRELATI
VELYSMALL,
EGALI
TARI
ANBANDSTHROUGHOUTSOUTHERN
AFRI
CA
GENETI
CALLYDI
VERSEANDSPOKEDI
VERSECLI
CKLANGUAGES
ANTHROLPOLOGI
STSDI
STI
NGUISHBETWEENNORTHERN,SOUTH-EASTERNAND
ANDSOUTHERNSANANDTHESEPEOPLECOULDNOTUNDERSTANDEACH
OTHER’
SLANGUAGESBUTTHEYDIDSHAREFUNAMENTALBELIEFSANDRITUALS.
NORTHERNSANORKALAHARISANLI
VEDI
NNORTHEASTNAMI
BIAAND
CENTRALBOTSWANA
SOUTHERNSANORTHE/XAM LI
VEDI
NSEMI
-ARI
DWESTERNCENTRALAREAOF
COMTEMPORARYSOUTHAFRICA
SOUTH-EASTERNSAN–CREATEDTHEDRAKENSBERGROCKPAI
NTI
NGS WERE
TH
KILLEDI
NLARGENUMBERSI NTHE19 CENTURYDUETOTHEARRI
VALOF
EUROPEANCOLONISTS
BELI
EFS:
THEYBELI
EVEDINASPIRITREALM BEYONDTHESURFACEOFTHEROCKFACE
WHICHISCLEARFROM THEI
RROCKPAI NTI
NGS
THEYBELI
EVEDI
NASPI
RITWORLDI
NHABI
TEDBY:
o STRANGERAI
N
o SPI
RITANI
MALS
o HUMANSWI
THELANDORSMALLERANTELOPEHEADS
o CLOVENHOOFS
, o DANGEROUSSPI
RITSOFTHEDEAD
THEBELIEFSYSTEM WASLI
NKEDTOTHEHUNTTHEPRI MARYMODEOFLI
VING
AMONGTRADI TI
ONALSANHUNTER-GATHERERSBUTSERVEDTOBI
NDTHEM
TOGETHERASAGROUP
PRACTI
CES:
THETRANCEDANCE
I
NTHEDRAKENSBERGROCKPAINTI
NGSHUMANSOFTENBENDFORWARD,
THEIRARMSARETHROWNBACKWARDSANDTHEI
RNOSESBLEED.(
INDI
CATES
STATEOFTRANCE)
TRANCEDANCETOBRI
NGRAI
N
I
NSTI
TUTI
ONSANDVALUES
NOCHI
EFSORKI
NGS
BOTHMENANDWOMENCOULDFALLI
NTOATRANCE’
SHAMANSWHOHELDTHESPI
RITREALM HELDASPECI
ALSTATUS
ORALTRANSMI
SSI
ONSRATHERTHANSACREDSCRI
PTURES
NOSACREDSCRI
PTUREES
TRANSMITTEDTHEI
RINDIGENOUSRELI
GIONBYMEANSOFORALSTORI
ES,
SONGS,RITUALDANCESANDROCKPAINTINGS.
HISTORY:
I
NTHEPAST2000YEARSTHEARRIVALOF3GROUPSCHALLENGEDTHECONTINUI
NG
OFTHESANANDPROFOUNDLYINFLUENCEDANDCHANGEDTHEIRCULTUREAND
RELI
GION:
1. KHOI
KHOIHERDERSMI
GRATEDSOUTHWARDI
NTOTHEWESTERNPARTOF
SOUTHERNAFRI
CAANDATTRACTEDSOMEHUNTERGATHERERSSANTOTHEIR
HERDI
NGWAYOFLIFE.THETERM KHOI
SANI
SUSEDFORTHESEASSI
MILATED
GROUPS
2. BANTUSPEAKI
NGFARMERSMI
GRATEDSOUTHWARDANDSETTLEDI
NTHE
NORTHERANDEASTERNCOASTALPARTSOFSOUTHERNAFRI
CA
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