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Samenvatting Scheikunde – 4 VWO – H4 Wat bak jij ervan?
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Samenvatting: Scheikunde – 4 VWO – H4 Wat bak jij ervan?
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Joël Smit | 4V.schk2Scheikunde – Hoofdstuk 4 Wat bak jij ervan?
§4.2 Werken met hoeveelheden
Dichtheid
ρ = m/v
ρ = dichtheid in kg/m3
m = massa in kg
v = volume in m3
Meten is weten
Significantie:
Vermenigvuldigen / delen Letten op minste aantal significante cijfers Alle
getallen behalve nullen aan begin van getal
Optellen / aftrekken Letten op minste aantal decimale cijfers
Geldt alleen voor meetwaarden Telwaarden worden niet meegeteld Bv. bij
3 glazen van 250ml, is 250 getal met minste aantal significante cijfers omdat 3
telwaarde is
§4.3 De chemische hoeveelheid
Atoommassa en molecuulmassa
Atoommassa = Massa van atoom in atomaire massaeenheid (u) Elk isotoop van
scheikundig element heeft andere atoommassa Atoommassa van element als geheel is
gemiddelde van atoommassa’s van alle natuurlijke isotopen, waarbij relatieve aanwezigheid
wegingsfactor is = Relatieve atoommassa (Ar)
Molecuulmassa = Massa van molecuul in atomaire massaeenheid (u) Som van
atoommassa’s van afzonderlijke atomen waaruit molecuul is opgebouwd Meestal uitgaan
van normale verhouding van isotopen voor elk element
Molaire massa
Getal van Avogadro = 6,02*1023 NA = 1/u
1 mol stof = 6,02*1023 deeltjes Atomen, moleculen of ionen
Molaire massa in g/mol komt overeen met relatieve molecuulmassa (Mr)
§4.4 De algemene gaswet
De gaswet
Bij gelijke druk en gelijke temperatuur neemt 1 mol van willekeurig gas hetzelfde volume in =
Molair volume (Vm) Bij standaardomstandigheden (T = 273 K en p = po) geldt Vm = 22,4
dm3/mol
1
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