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samenvatting Economie A met alle nota's en extra uitleg
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InhoudsopgaveHoofdstuk 1: Basisconcepten.................................................................................................................6
1.0 Wat is economie?.........................................................................................................................6
1.1 Keuze, afruil en opportuniteitskosten..........................................................................................7
1.2 Kosten tegenover baten, shortcuts of marginale analyse.............................................................8
1.3 Gebruik van modellen en aannames............................................................................................8
1.4 Eerste model: De grens van de productiemogelijkheden............................................................9
1.5 Het tweede model: de economische kringloop.........................................................................11
1.6 De holistische visie van Kate Raworth........................................................................................12
Hoofdstuk 2: Het individu in de economie...........................................................................................14
2.1 De klassieke school.....................................................................................................................14
2.2 De neoklassieke school...............................................................................................................16
2.5 De Keynesiaanse school..............................................................................................................17
2.10 De praktijkschool van economische ontwikkeling....................................................................18
2.11 De neoliberale ideologie...........................................................................................................18
Hoofstuk 3: Voordelen van samenwerking...........................................................................................19
3.1 Evidente samenwerking..............................................................................................................19
3.2 Absolute en comparatieve voordelen.........................................................................................19
3.3 Productiemogelijkheden en baten van specialisatie...................................................................20
Hoofdstuk 4: Vraag, aanbod en marktevenwicht.................................................................................21
4.1 Vraag...........................................................................................................................................21
4.1.1 Wet van de vraag.................................................................................................................21
4.1.2 Het vraagschema en de vraagcurve.....................................................................................21
4.1.3 Individuele vraag & marktvraag...........................................................................................21
4.1.4 Verandering van vraag & verandering van gevraagde hoeveelheid.....................................22
4.2 Aanbod.......................................................................................................................................23
4.2.1 Wet van het aanbod............................................................................................................23
4.2.2 Het aanbodschema & de aanbodcurve................................................................................24
4.2.3 Individueel aanbod & marktaanbod....................................................................................24
4.2.4 Verandering van het aanbod & verandering van de aangeboden hoeveelheid...................24
4.3 Marktevenwicht..........................................................................................................................26
4.3.1 Bepaling van het marktevenwicht.......................................................................................26
4.3.2 Verandering van het marktevenwicht.................................................................................26
4.3.3 Wet van Davenant-King.......................................................................................................27
Hoofdstuk 5: Elasticiteit........................................................................................................................27
Pagina 1 van 90
, 5.1 Inleiding......................................................................................................................................27
5.2 Prijselasticiteit van de vraag.......................................................................................................28
5.2.1 Middelpuntelasticiteit van de vraag....................................................................................28
5.2.2 Puntelasticiteit van de vraag................................................................................................29
5.2.4 Elastische en onelastische vraag..........................................................................................30
5.2.5 Prijselasticiteit & de lineaire vraagcurve..............................................................................31
5.2.6 Prijselasticiteit en de omzet.................................................................................................32
5.2.7 Uitzonderingen....................................................................................................................32
5.3 Inkomenselasticiteit van de vraag..............................................................................................33
5.3.1 Middelpuntmethode...........................................................................................................33
5.3.2 Puntinkomenselasticiteit.....................................................................................................33
5.3.3 Wet van Engel......................................................................................................................34
5.4 Kruisprijselasticiteit van de vraag...............................................................................................34
5.4.1 middelpuntelasticiteit..........................................................................................................35
5.4.2 Puntkruisprijselasticiteit......................................................................................................35
5.4.3 Soorten goederen en kruisprijselasticiteit...........................................................................35
5.5 Prijselasticiteit van het aanbod...................................................................................................36
5.5.1 Middelpuntelasticiteit..........................................................................................................36
5.5.2 Puntelasticiteit.....................................................................................................................36
5.5.3 Perfect elastisch aanbod......................................................................................................36
5.5.4 Elastisch aanbod..................................................................................................................36
5.5.5 Eenheidselasticiteit..............................................................................................................36
5.5.6 Onelastisch aanbod..............................................................................................................36
5.5.7 Perfect onelastisch aanbod..................................................................................................37
5.5.8 Bepaalde factoren die prijselasticiteit van aanbod beïnvloeden.........................................37
Hoofdstuk 6: Welvaart..........................................................................................................................37
6.1 Welvaartseconomie....................................................................................................................37
6.1.1 Onzichtbare hand................................................................................................................37
6.2 Welvaart van de consument.......................................................................................................38
6.2.1 Vraag en prijs.......................................................................................................................38
6.1.2 Impact prijswijziging op CS..................................................................................................39
6.3 Welvaart van de producent........................................................................................................39
6.3.1 Impact prijswijziging op PC..................................................................................................39
6.4 Totale welvaart op de markt.......................................................................................................39
EXTRA...............................................................................................................................................40
Extra: Marktefficiëntie..................................................................................................................40
Pagina 2 van 90
,Hoofdstuk 8: Gezinnen consumeren....................................................................................................41
8.0 Inleiding......................................................................................................................................41
8.1 Budgetbeperking........................................................................................................................42
8.1.1 Budgetlijn.............................................................................................................................42
8.2 Voorkeuren.................................................................................................................................42
8.3 Indifferentiecurve.......................................................................................................................43
8.3.1 Grafische voorstelling..........................................................................................................43
8.3.2 Kenmerken..........................................................................................................................43
8.4 Keuze van de gezinnen: algemeen evenwicht............................................................................43
8.5 Wijzigingen in het algemeen evenwicht.....................................................................................44
8.5.1 Wijziging in het budget........................................................................................................44
8.5.2 Wijzigingen in de prijzen......................................................................................................45
8.5.3 Wijziging in voorkeuren.......................................................................................................47
8.6 Afleiding van de vraagcurve........................................................................................................47
Hoofdstuk 9: Gezinnen beiden arbeid..................................................................................................47
9.0 Inleiding......................................................................................................................................47
9.1 Budgetlijn....................................................................................................................................48
9.2 De voorkeuren + 9.3 Keuze van de gezinnen: algemeen evenwicht...........................................48
9.4 Wijzigingen in het loon...............................................................................................................49
9.4.1 Stijging reële loon................................................................................................................49
9.5 Aanbodscurve.............................................................................................................................50
9.5.1 Afleiding van de arbeidsaanbodcurve..................................................................................50
Hoofdstuk 10: Basisbegrippen van de producent.................................................................................50
10.0 Inleiding....................................................................................................................................50
10.1 Het bedrijf................................................................................................................................51
10.2 Productie & productiefactoren................................................................................................51
10.3 Productieproces........................................................................................................................52
10.4 Productiefunctie......................................................................................................................52
10.4.1 Productiefunctie op KT......................................................................................................53
10.5 Productiviteit...........................................................................................................................53
10.5.1 Gemiddelde productiviteit.................................................................................................53
10.5.2 Marginale productiviteit....................................................................................................54
10.5.3 wet van de toe- & afnemende marginale productiviteit....................................................54
Hoofdstuk 11: De optimale factorcombinatie......................................................................................55
11.1 Productie-isoquant...................................................................................................................56
11.2 Isokostenlijn..............................................................................................................................56
Pagina 3 van 90
, 11.3 Optimale factorkeuze...............................................................................................................56
Hoofdstuk 12: Productiekosten............................................................................................................57
12.1 Vaste, variabele & totale kosten...............................................................................................57
12.2 Gemiddelde kosten...................................................................................................................58
12.3 Marginale kosten......................................................................................................................58
12.4 Kostenverloop LT......................................................................................................................60
12.5 Schaaleffecten..........................................................................................................................60
Hoofdstuk 13: Perfecte Concurrentie...................................................................................................61
13.0 Inleiding (Deel 6).......................................................................................................................61
13.1 Eigenschappen van perfecte concurrentie...............................................................................62
13.2 Opbrengsten, winstmaximalisatie & aanbodcurve van individuele producent.........................62
13.2.1 Opbrengsten......................................................................................................................62
13.2.2 Productiebeslissing............................................................................................................63
13.2.3 Productiebeslissing op KT..................................................................................................64
13.3 Marktuitkomst op korte termijn...............................................................................................66
13.3.1 Goede tijden......................................................................................................................66
13.3.2 Slechte tijden.....................................................................................................................66
13.3.3 Normale tijden...................................................................................................................67
13.4 Marktuitkomst op lange termijn...............................................................................................67
13.4.1 Marktuitkomst op lange termijn........................................................................................68
13.5 Is perfecte concurrentie efficiënt?............................................................................................68
13.6 Optimale productiehoeveelheid: mathematische afleiding......................................................69
Hoofdstuk 14: Monopolie.....................................................................................................................70
14.0 Inleiding....................................................................................................................................70
14.1 Eigenschappen van een monopolie..........................................................................................70
14.1.1 Vormen van monopolies....................................................................................................70
14.2 Hoe ontstaan monopolies?.......................................................................................................71
14.2.1 Toetredingsbarrière...........................................................................................................71
14.3 Opbrengsten, winstmaximalisatie & gedrag monopolist..........................................................72
14.3.1 Vraag & prijs monopolist...................................................................................................72
14.3.2 P & TO monopolist.............................................................................................................72
14.3 Monopolie & welvaart..............................................................................................................74
14.5 Marktmacht & prijsdiscriminatie..............................................................................................74
14.5.1 Prijsdifferentiatie & - discriminatie....................................................................................74
14.5.2 Perfecte prijsdiscriminatie.................................................................................................75
14.5.3 Prijsdiscriminatie van de eerste orde.................................................................................76
Pagina 4 van 90
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