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Summary Kernbegrippen Conflict and Governance in Africa
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de belangrijkste begrippen uit de cursus toegelicht. Als je deze lijst kent en begrijpt is en tentamen een eitje.
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Governance all processes of governing whether undertaken by a government orother actors whether over a population group or territory and
whether through laws, norms, power or language.
(Violent) conflict any situation in which two or more social entities perceive that
they possess mutually incompatible goals, and in which actors use
conflict behaviour against each other to attain these goals and/or
express their hostility
Eurocentrism European focus when telling about Africa, many have the idea that
Africa was just darkness before the Europeans came.
The narratives around stories about Africa is European – stories are
told from a certain perspective
Traditional authorities the traditional leaders of a country ; it drives heavily on
tradition/lineage rather than education or expertise. They are not
in power by law but usually have more power than the gvm.
Patrimonialism hierarchical and often hereditary patron-client relationships among
rulers and between rulers and population based on personal
connection.
lack of bureaucratic separation of the ‘private’ and ‘official’ sphere.
Personal ruler who considers his political power as part of his
personal property
Neopatrimonialism personal ruler with authority and now is backed by the resources
of the modern state. But usually runs parallel to the official gvm.
A patron-client hierarchy that is integrated in state bureaucracy.
Economy of affection Whom you know is more important than what you know,
sharing personal wealth over investing in economic ventures,
a helping hand today generates returns tomorrow
Slavery
Colonialism “History is written by the victors” African history usually starts
with colonisation
Just because this history wasn’t written down doesn’t mean it isn’t
important
Goal was cultivation (profit came later); trade was needed to
sustain the cost of control
Indirect rule Mostly done by British: (partial) co-optation of tradition authorities
& strategic divide and rule tactics between ethnic groups.
Direct rule more done by the French, this made decolonisation more difficult
because the Africans became more independent of the French
Westphalian state European/Weber’s way of looking at states. Weber created
measurement to classify states as weak or strong. Rests upon:
sovereignty of political units, territorialism and non-intervention
Social contract unofficial agreement between leaders and population. e.g. leaders
will protect, not use excessive violence and use taxation money
wisely
(Neo)patrimonialism centres on reciprocity, it functions as a social
contract (insurance, wealth (re-)distribution, stability &
co-optation)
Weak / failed states Based on Weber’s classification (Westphalian states). States that
fail to perform their duties. Like protecting territory, monopoly on
violence, sovereignty, juridical system that works, etc.
Positive / negative Neg: freedom from external intervention & pos: having the
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