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Samenvatting SMV Arbeidsrecht
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Samenvatting van 205 pagina's voor het vak Arbeidsrecht aan de UGent (SMV Arbeidsrecht)
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Samenvatting Arbeidsrecht 2014-2015 Dieter BeausaertARBEIDSRECHT
2014-2015
UGent
3e Bachelor
Dieter Beausaert
,Samenvatting Arbeidsrecht 2014-2015 Dieter Beausaert
TITEL I. INLEIDING, ACTOREN EN BRONNEN ..........................................................................1
1 INLEIDING .................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Overzicht ................................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Wat is arbeidsrecht? ............................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2.1 Algemeen ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2.2 Dienstbetrekkingen ................................................................................................................................................................ 2
1.2.2.1 Overzicht ............................................................................................................................................................ 2
1.2.2.2 Op basis van een overeenkomst .............................................................................................................. 2
1.2.2.3 Buiten overeenkomst ................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.2.4 Een mengvorm: uitzendarbeid ................................................................................................................. 3
1.2.3 Samenwerking op zelfstandige basis ............................................................................................................................... 4
1.2.3.1 Algemeen............................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.2.3.2 Vormen................................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.3 Waarom (nog) arbeidsrecht? .......................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Heeft het arbeidsrecht nog toekomst............................................................................................................ 6
1.5 Aard en structuur van het arbeidsrecht..................................................................................................... 7
1.5.1 Aard 7
1.5.2 Structuur ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
2 DE ACTOREN VAN HET ARBEIDSRECHT ........................................................................................... 9
2.1 Overzicht ................................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.1.1 Algemeen ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.1.2 Verhouding ................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
2.2 Werkgevers en werknemers ......................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.1 Werkgevers .............................................................................................................................................................................. 10
2.2.1.1 Overzicht .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.1.2 Publieke sector vs particuliere sector ................................................................................................. 10
2.2.1.2.1 Publieke sector ..................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.1.2.2 Particuliere sector .............................................................................................................................. 10
2.2.1.3 Complex vs enkelvoudig ............................................................................................................................ 11
2.2.1.4 Belgisch, buitenlands, multinationaal ................................................................................................. 11
2.2.1.5 Groot vs klein ................................................................................................................................................. 11
2.2.1.6 Verschillende sectoren ............................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.2 Werknemers............................................................................................................................................................................. 12
2.2.2.1 Overzicht .......................................................................................................................................................... 12
2.2.2.2 Publieke vs particuliere sector ............................................................................................................... 12
2.2.2.3 Bediende vs arbeider .................................................................................................................................. 12
2.3 Interprofessionele werknemersorganisatie / Sociale (gespreks)parnters ............................... 14
2.3.1 Begrip 14
2.3.2 Historische evolutie .............................................................................................................................................................. 14
2.3.2.1 Algemeen.......................................................................................................................................................... 14
2.3.2.2 De vakbonden ................................................................................................................................................ 15
2.3.2.3 Aanpassing van het strafwetboek ......................................................................................................... 15
2.3.3 Actuele situatie........................................................................................................................................................................ 16
2.3.4 Juridische aspecten ............................................................................................................................................................... 16
2.3.4.1 Het recht van een werknemer om lid te zijn van een vakbond ................................................ 16
2.3.4.2 Recht actief op te treden ........................................................................................................................... 16
2.3.4.3 Rechtspersoonlijkheid ............................................................................................................................... 17
2.3.4.4 Representativiteit ......................................................................................................................................... 17
2.4 Interprofessionele werkgeversorganisaties ........................................................................................... 18
2.5 De overheid............................................................................................................................................................ 19
2.5.1 Bevoegdheidsverdeling ....................................................................................................................................................... 19
2.5.1.1 Federale overheid ........................................................................................................................................ 19
2.5.1.2 Gemeenschappen en gewesten .............................................................................................................. 19
2.5.1.3 Het taaldecreet .............................................................................................................................................. 20
2.5.1.3.1 Historiek .................................................................................................................................................. 20
2.5.1.3.2 Huidige regeling .................................................................................................................................. 20
2.6 Sectorale, regionale en Europese organisatie ....................................................................................... 22
,Samenvatting Arbeidsrecht 2014-2015 Dieter Beausaert
2.6.1 Sectorale (‘professionele’) vakorganisaties ................................................................................................................ 22
2.6.1.1 Werknemers ................................................................................................................................................... 22
2.6.1.2 Werkgevers ..................................................................................................................................................... 23
2.6.1.3 Paritaire (sub)comités ............................................................................................................................... 23
2.6.2 Regionale organisaties ......................................................................................................................................................... 24
2.6.2.1 Werkgevers en werknemersorganisaties .......................................................................................... 24
2.6.2.2 CAO-wet ............................................................................................................................................................ 24
2.6.2.3 Regionale sociale overlegorganen ........................................................................................................ 24
2.6.3 Europa 25
3 BRONNEN .................................................................................................................................................. 26
3.1 Overzicht ................................................................................................................................................................. 26
3.2 Overheidsregulering .......................................................................................................................................... 26
3.2.1 Internationaal niveau ........................................................................................................................................................... 26
3.2.1.1 Algemeen.......................................................................................................................................................... 26
3.2.1.2 Europese overheidsregulering ............................................................................................................... 26
3.2.2 Nationaal niveau ..................................................................................................................................................................... 28
3.2.2.1 Algemeen.......................................................................................................................................................... 28
3.2.2.2 EVO-verdrag ................................................................................................................................................... 28
3.3 Regulering door de sociale partners ......................................................................................................... 28
3.3.1 Overzicht.................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
3.3.2 Europa 28
3.3.3 Nationaal.................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
3.3.3.1 Overzicht .......................................................................................................................................................... 29
3.3.3.2 Historiek ........................................................................................................................................................... 29
3.3.3.3 Wat is een CAO?............................................................................................................................................. 30
3.3.3.4 Toepassingsgebied van CAO’s ................................................................................................................. 31
3.3.3.5 Partijen .............................................................................................................................................................. 31
3.3.3.6 Vorm ................................................................................................................................................................... 32
3.3.3.7 Inhoud ............................................................................................................................................................... 32
3.3.3.8 Duur .................................................................................................................................................................... 33
3.3.3.9 Publiciteit ......................................................................................................................................................... 33
3.3.3.10 Binding ........................................................................................................................................................... 33
3.3.3.10.1 Primaire binding .............................................................................................................................. 33
3.3.3.10.2 Voortgezette binding...................................................................................................................... 33
3.3.3.10.3 Suppletieve binding ........................................................................................................................ 34
3.3.3.10.4 Veralgemeende binding ................................................................................................................ 34
3.3.3.11 Incorporatie(art. 23 cao-wet) .............................................................................................................. 34
3.3.3.12 Handhaving .................................................................................................................................................. 34
3.4 Regulering door werkgever en werknemer ........................................................................................... 36
3.4.1 Individuele arbeidsovereenkomst ................................................................................................................................. 36
3.4.1.1 Begrip ................................................................................................................................................................ 36
3.4.1.2 Partijen .............................................................................................................................................................. 36
3.4.1.3 Arbeid ................................................................................................................................................................ 36
3.4.2 Loon 37
3.4.3 Onder gezag .............................................................................................................................................................................. 37
3.4.3.1 Begrip ................................................................................................................................................................ 37
3.4.3.2 Bewijslast ......................................................................................................................................................... 39
3.4.3.3 Kwalificatie van de arbeidsovereenkomst: status quaestionis van de rechtspraak ....... 40
3.4.3.4 Consolidatie: de wet van 12 december 2007 ................................................................................... 42
3.4.3.5 Wie doet de toetsing: Sociale ruling ..................................................................................................... 43
3.4.3.6 Herkwalificatie van zelfstandige tot schijnzelfstandige (werknemer) ................................ 44
3.4.3.7 Voorbeelden wat is gezag ......................................................................................................................... 45
3.4.3.8 Gezag binnen de top van een vennootschap .................................................................................... 46
3.4.4 Arbeidsreglement .................................................................................................................................................................. 48
3.4.4.1 Historische evolutie..................................................................................................................................... 48
3.4.4.2 Toepassingsgebied ....................................................................................................................................... 48
3.4.4.3 Inhoud ............................................................................................................................................................... 48
3.4.4.4 Opstelling en wijziging ............................................................................................................................... 49
3.4.4.5 Handhaving ..................................................................................................................................................... 49
, Samenvatting Arbeidsrecht 2014-2015 Dieter Beausaert
3.4.5 Gebruik 50
3.4.6 Andere rechtsbronnen ........................................................................................................................................................ 50
3.5 Hiërarchie van de rechtsnormen................................................................................................................. 51
3.6 Discriminatiebestrijding................................................................................................................................... 53
3.6.1 Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................................... 53
3.6.2 Toepassingsgebied ................................................................................................................................................................ 54
3.6.2.1 Algemeen.......................................................................................................................................................... 54
3.6.2.2 Begrip discriminatie .................................................................................................................................... 55
3.6.3 Rechtvaardigingsgronden .................................................................................................................................................. 56
3.6.4 Rechtsbescherming ............................................................................................................................................................... 57
3.6.4.1 Vorderingsrechten ....................................................................................................................................... 57
3.6.4.2 Wat kan er gevorderd worden? ............................................................................................................. 57
3.6.4.2.1 De nietigverklaring van strijdige handelingen ....................................................................... 57
3.6.4.2.2 Schadevergoeding (art. 18 anti-discriminatiewet) .............................................................. 57
3.6.4.2.3 Dwangsom (als geen einde): .......................................................................................................... 57
3.6.4.2.4 De staking van bepaalde handelingen ........................................................................................ 57
3.6.4.2.5 De openbaarmaking van het vonnis............................................................................................ 57
3.6.5 Bescherming bij klacht of vordering (art. 17 anti-discriminatiewet) ............................................................ 58
3.6.6 Bewijslast in burgerlijke procedures ............................................................................................................................ 58
3.6.7 Strafrechtelijke sancties ..................................................................................................................................................... 58
3.6.8 Discriminatie op andere gronden ................................................................................................................................... 58
3.6.9 Het federaal regeerakkoord .............................................................................................................................................. 58
TITEL II. ARBEIDSMARKTRECHT ............................................................................................. 59
1 Het recht op arbeid: werkgelegenheidsbevoridering .............................................................. 59
1.1 Inleiding .................................................................................................................................................................. 59
1.2 Bijzondere arbeidscircuits ............................................................................................................................... 59
1.2.1 Gesubsidieerde tewerkstelling ......................................................................................................................................... 59
1.2.1.1 Gesubsidieerde contractuelen ................................................................................................................ 59
1.2.1.2 Derde arbeidscircuit (DAC)...................................................................................................................... 59
1.2.1.3 Dienstencheques (alternatief arbeidscircuit) .................................................................................. 60
2 WERKING VAN DE ARBEIDSMARKT ................................................................................................ 63
2.1 Werkaanbod .......................................................................................................................................................... 63
2.1.1 Publieke arbeidsbemiddeling........................................................................................................................................... 63
2.1.2 Private arbeidsbemiddeling .............................................................................................................................................. 63
2.1.2.1 Algemeen.......................................................................................................................................................... 63
2.1.2.2 Bijzonder vormen (federale regels) ..................................................................................................... 63
2.1.2.2.1 Terbeschikkingstelling van werknemers ................................................................................. 63
2.1.2.2.2 Uitzendarbeid........................................................................................................................................ 64
2.1.2.2.2.1 Toepassingsgebied .................................................................................................................... 64
2.1.2.2.2.2 Partijen............................................................................................................................................ 64
2.1.2.2.2.3 Overeenkomsten ........................................................................................................................ 65
2.1.2.2.2.4 Beroep op uitzendarbeid ........................................................................................................ 66
2.1.2.2.2.5 De prijs ........................................................................................................................................... 66
2.1.3 Buitenlandse werknemers ................................................................................................................................................. 68
2.1.3.1 Onderdanen van de Europese Economische Ruimte ................................................................... 68
2.1.3.2 Niet- EER inwoners ..................................................................................................................................... 69
2.2 Sollicitatie en selectie....................................................................................................................................... 71
2.2.1 Verplichtingen voor de werkgever ................................................................................................................................. 71
2.2.2 Aanbevelingen voor de werkgevers ............................................................................................................................... 71
2.2.3 Aanbevelingen voor de sollicitant................................................................................................................................... 71
2.2.4 Medische onderzoeken ....................................................................................................................................................... 72
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