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Samenvatting Burgerlijk Procesrecht
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Burgerlijk Procesrecht
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Burgerlijk procesrecht1. INLEIDING .................................................................................................................................................. 5
A. AARD EN FUNCTIE VAN HET GERECHTELIJKE RECHT ................................................................................... 5
B. BRONNEN ................................................................................................................................................... 5
C. KARAKTERTREKKEN ................................................................................................................................... 5
D. TOEPASSINGSGEBIED .................................................................................................................................. 6
§1 Ratione personae............................................................................................................................... 6
§2 Ratione materiae ............................................................................................................................... 6
§3 Ratione temporis ............................................................................................................................... 6
§4 Ratione loci ....................................................................................................................................... 7
E. RECHTSVINDINGSMETHODES ...................................................................................................................... 7
F. ALGEMENE BEGINSELEN VAN BEHOORLIJKE PROCESVOERING .................................................................... 7
§1 Recht op toegang tot de rechter ........................................................................................................ 7
§2 Hoor en wederhoor ........................................................................................................................... 7
§3 Onpartijdigheid ................................................................................................................................. 7
§4 Onafhankelijkheid ............................................................................................................................. 8
§5 Motiveringsverplichting .................................................................................................................... 8
§6 Redelijke termijn ............................................................................................................................... 8
§7 Partijautonomie en beschikkingsbeginsel ......................................................................................... 8
G. MISBRUIK VAN PROCESRECHT .................................................................................................................... 9
2. DE ACTOREN VAN JUSTITIE................................................................................................................10
A. DE RECHTER ..............................................................................................................................................10
§1 De complexe structuur van de gerechtelijke organisatie .................................................................10
§2 De rechtscolleges .............................................................................................................................10
§3 Algemene vergadering – werkingsverslag........................................................................................10
§4 Toegang tot en loopbaan binnen de magistratuur............................................................................10
§5 Werklastmeting.................................................................................................................................12
§6 Tuchtrecht ........................................................................................................................................12
B. REFERENDARISSEN BIJ HET HOF VAN CASSATIE – REFERENDARISSEN EN PARKETJURISTEN .......................12
§1 Referendarissen bij het hof van cassatie ..........................................................................................12
§2 Referendarissen en parketjuristen....................................................................................................13
C. OPENBAAR MINISTERIE ..............................................................................................................................13
§1 Statuut ..............................................................................................................................................13
§2 Kenmerken........................................................................................................................................13
§3 Taak van het O.M. in burgerlijke zaken ...........................................................................................13
D. HOGE RAAD VOOR DE JUSTITIE ..................................................................................................................14
§1 Situering en samenstelling................................................................................................................14
§2 Bevoegdheden ..................................................................................................................................14
E. ADVIESRAAD VOOR DE MAGISTRATUUR ....................................................................................................14
F. DE ADVOCAAT ...........................................................................................................................................14
§1 Taak..................................................................................................................................................14
§2 Rechten en plichten ..........................................................................................................................14
§3 De verhouding advocaat-cliënt ........................................................................................................15
§4 Voorwaarden om advocaat te worden..............................................................................................15
§5 Organisatie van de balie ..................................................................................................................15
§6 Advocaten bij het Hof van Cassatie..................................................................................................15
§7 Orde van Vlaamse balies en ordre des barreaux francophones et germanophone ..........................15
G. GRIFFIER ....................................................................................................................................................15
H. DE GERECHTSDEURWAARDER ....................................................................................................................16
3. BEVOEGDHEID.........................................................................................................................................17
A. ALGEMENE BEGRIPPEN ..............................................................................................................................17
B. MATERIËLE BEVOEGDHEID ........................................................................................................................17
§1 Algemene beginselen ........................................................................................................................17
Academiejaar 2007-2008 – samenvatting burgerlijk procesrecht – Jeroen De Mets 1
, §2 Onderzoek van de componenten.......................................................................................................17
C. DE TERRITORIALE BEVOEGDHEID ..............................................................................................................18
§1 Begrip, functie, aard.........................................................................................................................18
§2 Bevoegdheidsovereenkomsten ..........................................................................................................18
§3 Verstek van de verweerder ...............................................................................................................19
D. BEVOEGDHEIDSVERDELING .......................................................................................................................19
§1 De rechtscolleges en hun materiële bevoegdheid.............................................................................19
§2 Materiële bevoegdheid – tussenvordering........................................................................................21
§3 Territoriale bevoegdheid – hoofdvordering .....................................................................................22
§4 Territoriale bevoegdheid – tussenvorderingen, aanhangigheid en samenhang ...............................23
E. REGELING VAN BEVOEGDHEIDSINCIDENTEN ..............................................................................................23
§1 In eerste aanleg ................................................................................................................................23
§2 In hoger beroep ................................................................................................................................23
§3 In Cassatie........................................................................................................................................24
§4 Aanhangigheid en samenhang..........................................................................................................24
§5 Incidenten in de schoot van een rechtscollege .................................................................................24
§6 Regeling van rechtsgebied................................................................................................................24
4. HET GEDING .............................................................................................................................................25
A. BASISBEGRIPPEN........................................................................................................................................25
§1 Geschil .............................................................................................................................................25
§2 Rechtsvordering ...............................................................................................................................25
§3 Eis en verweer ..................................................................................................................................26
§4 Partij ................................................................................................................................................26
B. HET NORMALE VERLOOP VAN HET GEDING ................................................................................................27
§1 Schematisch overzicht ......................................................................................................................27
§2 Overzicht van de inleiding................................................................................................................28
§3 De dagvaarding................................................................................................................................28
§4 Rolstelling ........................................................................................................................................29
§5 Dossier van rechtspleging ................................................................................................................29
§6 Inleidende zitting ..............................................................................................................................29
§7 Het in staat stellen van de zaak ........................................................................................................30
§8 Pleitzitting ........................................................................................................................................31
§9 Sluiting van de debatten ...................................................................................................................31
§ 10 Advies van het O.M. .........................................................................................................................32
§ 11 Beraad ..............................................................................................................................................32
§ 12 Heropening van de debatten.............................................................................................................32
§ 13 Het vonnis.........................................................................................................................................32
C. SANCTIES IN HET PROCESRECHT ................................................................................................................35
§1 Basisbegrippen .................................................................................................................................35
§2 Formalisme ......................................................................................................................................35
§3 Nietigheid .........................................................................................................................................35
§4 Niet-ontvankelijkheid (niet-toelaatbaarheid) ...................................................................................36
§5 Termijnen en hun sanctieregeling ....................................................................................................36
D. VERSTEK ...................................................................................................................................................37
§1 Situering ...........................................................................................................................................37
§2 De gevallen waarin en de wijze waarop verstek kan worden gevorderd .........................................38
§3 Taak van de rechter bij verstek ........................................................................................................38
§4 Het verstekvonnis .............................................................................................................................38
E. TUSSENGESCHILLEN ..................................................................................................................................38
§1 Cumulatie en splitsing van vorderingen...........................................................................................38
§2 Tussenvorderingen ...........................................................................................................................39
§3 Hervatting van het geding ................................................................................................................39
§4 Afstand .............................................................................................................................................39
§5 Doorhaling en weglating van de rol.................................................................................................40
§6 Onttrekking van de zaak aan de rechter...........................................................................................40
§7 Wraking ............................................................................................................................................40
§8 Ontkentenis van proceshandelingen.................................................................................................40
§9 Opschorting van het geding .............................................................................................................40
§ 10 Samenstelling van de zetel................................................................................................................40
Academiejaar 2007-2008 – samenvatting burgerlijk procesrecht – Jeroen De Mets 2
, F. UITGAVEN EN KOSTEN ...............................................................................................................................41
§1 Omschrijving ....................................................................................................................................41
§2 Verwijzing in de kosten ....................................................................................................................41
§3 Vereffening van de kosten.................................................................................................................41
5. RECHTSMIDDELEN.................................................................................................................................42
A. ALGEMENE BEGINSELEN ............................................................................................................................42
B. HET VERZET...............................................................................................................................................42
§1 Begrip...............................................................................................................................................42
§2 Voor verzet vatbare vonnissen .........................................................................................................42
§3 Rechtspleging – gevolgen.................................................................................................................42
C. HET HOGER BEROEP ...................................................................................................................................43
§1 Begrip...............................................................................................................................................43
§2 Toelaatbaarheidsvereisten ...............................................................................................................44
§3 Rechtspleging in hoger beroep.........................................................................................................45
§4 Gevolgen van het hoger beroep........................................................................................................46
D. VOORZIENING IN CASSATIE ........................................................................................................................46
§1 Begrip...............................................................................................................................................46
§2 Tegen welke beslissingen kan cassatie worden aangetekend? .........................................................46
§3 Welke partijen kunnen cassatie aantekenen? ...................................................................................47
§4 Procedure .........................................................................................................................................47
E. DERDENVERZET .........................................................................................................................................47
§1 Begrip...............................................................................................................................................47
§2 Voorwaarden....................................................................................................................................47
§3 Termijn .............................................................................................................................................47
§4 Procedure .........................................................................................................................................47
§5 Gevolgen ..........................................................................................................................................47
6. KORT GEDING – EENZIJDIG VERZOEKSCHRIFT – SUMMIERE RECHTSPLEGING OM
BETALING TE BEVELEN ................................................................................................................................49
A. KORT GEDING ............................................................................................................................................49
§1 Omschrijving ....................................................................................................................................49
§2 De spoedvereiste ..............................................................................................................................49
§3 Voorziening bij voorraad .................................................................................................................49
§4 De zaak mag niet aan de rechterlijke macht onttrokken zijn............................................................50
§5 Afwijkende procedureregelen...........................................................................................................50
§6 Zoals in kort geding..........................................................................................................................51
B. DE RECHTSPLEGING OP EENZIJDIG VERZOEKSCHRIFT .................................................................................51
§1 Afbakening........................................................................................................................................51
§2 Begrip...............................................................................................................................................52
§3 Vereiste van volstrekte noodzakelijkheid..........................................................................................52
§4 Bevoegde rechter..............................................................................................................................52
§5 Procedure .........................................................................................................................................52
§6 Rechtsmiddelen ................................................................................................................................52
C. SUMMIERE RECHTSPLEGING OM BETALING TE BEVELEN ............................................................................52
§1 Situering ...........................................................................................................................................52
§2 Voorwaarden....................................................................................................................................53
§3 Procedure .........................................................................................................................................53
7. RECHTSHULP ...........................................................................................................................................54
A. ALGEMEEN ................................................................................................................................................54
B. RECHTSBIJSTAND .......................................................................................................................................54
§1 Omschrijving en situering ................................................................................................................54
§2 Toekenningsvoorwaarden ................................................................................................................54
C. JURIDISCHE BIJSTAND ................................................................................................................................54
§1 Situering ...........................................................................................................................................54
§2 Commissie voor juridische bijstand .................................................................................................54
§3 Juridische eerstelijnsbijstand ...........................................................................................................54
§4 Juridische tweedelijnsbijstand .........................................................................................................55
Academiejaar 2007-2008 – samenvatting burgerlijk procesrecht – Jeroen De Mets 3
, 8. BEZWARENDE MAATREGELEN, MIDDELEN TOT TENUITVOERLEGGING EN
COLLECTIEVE SCHULDENREGELING ......................................................................................................56
A. BASISBEGRIPPEN........................................................................................................................................56
§1 Verbod van eigenrichting .................................................................................................................56
§2 Executierecht: van openbare orde maar teleologische interpretatie ...............................................56
§3 Parate executie.................................................................................................................................56
§4 Reële executie...................................................................................................................................56
§5 Dwangsom........................................................................................................................................56
§6 Andere begrippen .............................................................................................................................57
B. BESLAG: ALGEMEEN ..................................................................................................................................58
§1 Begrip...............................................................................................................................................58
§2 Voorwerp..........................................................................................................................................58
§3 Publiciteit .........................................................................................................................................59
§4 Beslagrechter ...................................................................................................................................60
§5 Samenloop ........................................................................................................................................61
C. BEZWAREND BESLAG .................................................................................................................................61
§1 Begrip...............................................................................................................................................61
§2 Gevolgen ..........................................................................................................................................61
§3 Geldigheidsduur ...............................................................................................................................62
§4 Voorwaarden....................................................................................................................................62
§5 Procedure .........................................................................................................................................63
§6 Bezwarend beslag op roerend goed .................................................................................................64
§7 Bezwarend beslag op onroerend goed .............................................................................................64
§8 Kantonnement ..................................................................................................................................64
§9 Omzetting naar uitvoerend beslag ...................................................................................................64
D. UITVOEREND BESLAG ................................................................................................................................64
§1 Voorwaarden....................................................................................................................................64
§2 Kantonnement ..................................................................................................................................65
§3 Procedure bij beslag op roerende goederen ....................................................................................65
§4 De uithuiszetting...............................................................................................................................66
§5 Hinderpalen bij de tenuitvoerlegging...............................................................................................66
E. BESLAG ONDER DERDEN ............................................................................................................................66
§1 Verschil met beslag bij derden .........................................................................................................66
§2 Gevolgen ..........................................................................................................................................66
§3 Procedure .........................................................................................................................................67
Academiejaar 2007-2008 – samenvatting burgerlijk procesrecht – Jeroen De Mets 4
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