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Samenvatting Pathologie
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SAMENVATTING PATHOLOGIE3VDK
Axelle Pieri
,INHOUDSOPGAVE ..................................................................................... i
H1: afweersysteem .................................................................................. 1
Woordenlijst .......................................................................................... 1
Immuniteit, aspecifiek en specifiek afweersysteem ...................................... 1
Het lymfestelsel ..................................................................................... 8
Allergie ................................................................................................. 8
Hooikoorts – allergische rhinitis ............................................................... 11
Symptomen allergie ............................................................................... 12
Kruisallergie.......................................................................................... 13
Reumatologie ........................................................................................ 14
Immuundeficiëntie ................................................................................. 16
Immuniteit vs stress .............................................................................. 18
Immuniteit vs leeftijd ............................................................................. 18
Typen immuniteit .................................................................................. 18
H2: infectiologie .................................................................................... 20
Woordenlijst ......................................................................................... 20
Basisbegrippen ...................................................................................... 20
Overdracht van infectieziekten ................................................................ 22
Fysiopathologie – infectieschade .............................................................. 23
Longtuberculose .................................................................................... 24
Nosociale infecties – familiale infecties ..................................................... 24
Beroepsmatige infecties.......................................................................... 25
Behandeling van een infectieziekte........................................................... 25
H3: hematologie .................................................................................... 26
Anatomie en fysiologie van het bloed ....................................................... 26
Woordenlijst ......................................................................................... 27
Bloed ................................................................................................... 27
Rode bloedcellen / erytrocyten ................................................................ 28
Erytropoëtine – epo ............................................................................... 29
Witte bloedcellen / Leukocyten ................................................................ 30
Trombocyten – bloedplaatjes .................................................................. 30
Diagnostisch onderzoek .......................................................................... 30
, Anemie / bloedarmoede ......................................................................... 31
Gestoorde hemostase............................................................................. 34
Ouderdom ............................................................................................ 36
H4: oncologie ........................................................................................ 37
Woordenlijst ......................................................................................... 37
Introductie ........................................................................................... 37
Ontwikkeling (kwaadaardige) cel ............................................................. 38
Tumoren .............................................................................................. 40
Screening, vroege opsporing en preventie ................................................. 41
Kanker bij kinderen en ouderen ............................................................... 42
Diagnostiek van kanker .......................................................................... 42
Behandeling van kanker ......................................................................... 44
Speciële oncologie ................................................................................. 48
Conclusie.............................................................................................. 56
H5: nefrologie ........................................................................................ 57
Introductie – elektrolyten ....................................................................... 57
Introductie – zuur-base evenwicht ........................................................... 57
Natrium................................................................................................ 60
Kalium ................................................................................................. 61
Anatomie en fysiologie ........................................................................... 62
Renine-angiotensine-aldosteron systeem .................................................. 64
Erythropoëtine – EPO ............................................................................. 65
GFR – Glomerulaire filtratiesnelheid ......................................................... 65
Creatine à creatinine ............................................................................. 66
Pathologieën ......................................................................................... 66
, H1: AFWEERSYSTEEM
WOORDENLIJST
IMMUNITEIT, ASPECIFIEK EN SPECIFIEK
AFWEERSYSTEEM
Immuniteit =
Vermogen om ziekteverwekkers bij hernieuwd contact te
herkennen. Na herkenning kan een immuunrespons opgewekt
worden door een antigeen (ziekteverwekker = eiwit). Deze
immuunrespons heeft als doel de ziekteverwekker te vernietigen.
Onvatbaarheid van het lichaam voor infectieziekten.
• Lichaam wordt blootgesteld aan ongewenste organismen en
stoffen (pathogenen) è nood aan een verdedigingsmechanisme
• Verdedigingsmechanisme wordt benoemd als het afweer- of
immuunsysteem
o Aspecifiek afweersysteem – aangeboren –
verdedigingslinie 1 & 2
o Specifiek afweersysteem – immuniteit (verworven) –
verdedigingslinie 3.
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