The location, development, morphology, histology and blood flow of the major endocrine glands including the pituitary gland, the parathyroid glands, the suprarenal glands, the pancreas and the gonads (testes and ovaries)
Endocrine system
Thursday, 7 October 2021 11:19 AM
Endo vs exocrine glands
- Endocrine
○ Secrete into blood vessels
§ Secretory vessels fuse with membrane and empty their
vessels
§ Could be a neuron that released content of vesicles into
blood vessels
○ No ducts
○ Uses circulatory system
- Exocrine
○ Secrete outside
○ Secrete into GI tract is also exocrine
○ Duct opens into outside
Major endocrine organs
- Pituitary gland - hypophysis
○ Location
§ Only one gland - no right / left
§ Located by identifying the mamillary bodies and optic
chiasm
□ Use to identify anterior and posterior aspect of
pituitary
§ Below hypothalamus
§ Suspended on tissue that connect hypothalamus and
pituitary gland
□ Stalk
§ Protected by sphenoid bone
□ Sella turcica
® Turkish saddle
® Indentation accommodating the gland
® Saddle like indentation on body of sphenoid
bone
○ Development
§ Originated from 2 sources
□ Dual embryological origin
® Epithelial
◊ Oropharynx ectoderm
◊ Forms anterior lobe
, ○ Development
§ Originated from 2 sources
□ Dual embryological origin
® Epithelial
◊ Oropharynx ectoderm
◊ Forms anterior lobe
® neural
◊ Extension of neuroectoderm
◊ Forms posterior lobe
□ Develops from oropharynx
® Oral cavity
§ 2 sources then fuse together to form gland in the sella
turcica of sphenoid
§ Anterior part
□ From oropharynx ectoderm
® Finger of ectoderm grows upwards from
mouth
◊ Protrusion is called Rathke's pouch
□ adenophysis
§ Posterior part
□ Neural ectoderm
® Finger of neuroectoderm protrudes ventrally
from diencephalon of developing brain
□ neurophysis
○ Morphology
§ Anterior aspect
□ Identify by optic chiasm
® Identify posterior with mammillary bodies
□ Hypothalamus extension produces posterior part
of pituitary gland
® Neurophysis
® Connect through the infundibulum
□ Anterior regions
® Pars tuberalis
◊ Surrounds infundibular stalk
® Pars intermedia
◊ Separated by pars distalis by
hypophyseal cleft
® Pars distalis
◊ Largest section
§ Posterior pituitary
□ Doesn’t produce hormones, but just stores and
secretes them
□ Infundibulum
□ Posterior lobe
® Neurohypophysis
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