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Samenvatting Zakenrecht (1022118BER)
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Een volledige samenvatting van het vak Zakenrecht. Er werd zowel gebruik gemaakt van de lessen, de PowerPoint, examenvragen en het handboek.
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1. INLEIDING:WATISZAKENRECHTOFGOEDERENRECHT? ....................................................................................... 7• Situering ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
• Omschrijving ................................................................................................................................................ 8
• Uitsluiting ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
▪ Extrapatrimoniale rechten ....................................................................................................................... 8
▪ verbintenissen- envorderingsrechten ...................................................................................................... 9
▪ Intellectuele rechten ................................................................................................................................ 9
▪ Zakelijke rechten ...................................................................................................................................... 9
• Krachtlijnen nieuwe goederenrecht ........................................................................................................... 10
▪ Geïntegreerde benadering van goederenrecht ....................................................................................... 10
▪ Instrumentalisering van het goederenrecht (art.3.64 BW) ......................................................................... 10
▪ Modernisering + flexibilisering (art. 3.1 BW) van het goederenrecht .................................................... 10
2. INDELING DER GOEDEREN ........................................................................................................................... 10
• Terminologie .............................................................................................................................................. 10
▪ Goederen ............................................................................................................................................... 10
▪ Lichamelijke voorwerpen versus onlichamelijke voorwerpen. ................................................................. 10
▪ Vruchten en opbrengsten (art. 3.42 BW) ................................................................................................. 11
• Verschillende categorieën .......................................................................................................................... 11
▪ Goederen of geengoederen ................................................................................................................... 11
▪ Goederen die aan (n)iemand toebehoren ............................................................................................... 12
• Eigendom ................................................................................................................................................... 13
• publieke en privategoederen ..................................................................................................................... 15
▪ Openbaar domein .................................................................................................................................. 15
▪ Desaffectatie.......................................................................................................................................... 15
▪ Privaat domein ....................................................................................................................................... 16
▪ Belang van hetonderscheid ........................................................................................................................ 16
• Verbruikbare goederen + Vervangbare goederen – soortgoederen.............................................................. 17
▪ Verbruikbare goederen versus niet-verbruikbare goederen .................................................................... 17
▪ Belang van onderscheid ......................................................................................................................... 18
• Deelbare goederen – tegenwoordige goederen ........................................................................................ 18
• Roerend versus onroerend (komt later nog terug) ...................................................................................... 19
▪ Indeling roerend versus onroerend: criterium ......................................................................................... 19
• Repertoriëring / inventarisering ................................................................................................................ 19
2.7.2. Belang onderscheid ........................................................................................................................... 23
2.7.3. Verschillen in andere rechtstakken..................................................................................................... 23
• Indeling onroerende goederen ................................................................................................................... 24
▪ Onroerende goederen uit hun aard (art. 518 e.v. BW) ............................................................................. 24
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, ▪ Onroerende goederen door bestemming (art. 522-525 BW) .................................................................... 25
▪ Onroerende goederen door voorwerp (art. 526 BW) ............................................................................... 29
• Indeling roerende goederen (art. 527 BW) .................................................................................................. 29
▪ Roerende goederen uit hun aard (art. 528 BW) ....................................................................................... 29
▪ Roerende goederen door wetsbepaling/ door voorwerp (art. 529 BW) ..................................................... 29
4.1. Nieuw goederenrecht ............................................................................................................................ 30
4.1.1. Onroerende goederen uit hun aard .................................................................................................... 30
4.1.2. Onroerendegoederendoorincorporatie → integratieeenheidsbeginsel ............................................ 30
4.1.3. Onroerende goederen door bestemming – integratie op accessoriteitsbeginsel (art. 3.9 BW) ..................... 31
3. ZAKELIJKE RECHTEN ..................................................................................................................................... 32
• Begrip ......................................................................................................................................................... 32
▪ Obligatoir recht ...................................................................................................................................... 32
▪ Zakelijk recht .......................................................................................................................................... 33
• Eigendom ................................................................................................................................................... 35
▪ Algemeen ............................................................................................................................................... 35
▪ Omvang eigendomsrecht (komt verder terug) ........................................................................................ 36
▪ Schending of niet? .................................................................................................................................. 43
▪ Feitelijk gedogen als go between............................................................................................................ 44
4. VERWERVING ZAKELIJKE RECHTEN................................................................................................................ 44
• Afgeleid en oorspronkelijk .......................................................................................................................... 44
• Bezit ........................................................................................................................................................... 44
▪ Animus en corpus of detentie ................................................................................................................. 45
▪ Deugdelijk .............................................................................................................................................. 47
▪ Rechtsbescherming ................................................................................................................................ 48
▪ Roerende goederen ................................................................................................................................ 48
▪ Onroerende goederen ............................................................................................................................ 50
• Remedies .................................................................................................................................................... 51
▪ Eigendomsvordering .............................................................................................................................. 52
▪ Bezitsvordering ...................................................................................................................................... 52
• Natrekking.................................................................................................................................................. 52
5. VRUCHTGEBRUIK ....................................................................................................................................... 54
• Omschrijving en kenmerken ....................................................................................................................... 54
▪ Kenmerken ............................................................................................................................................. 54
▪ Duur ....................................................................................................................................................... 55
• Aanwas gemeenschappelijk of gemeenschappelijk vruchtgebruik .............................................................. 55
• Overdracht en waardering.......................................................................................................................... 56
▪ Waardering ............................................................................................................................................ 56
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, ▪ Voorwerp ............................................................................................................................................... 57
▪ Geen onverdeeldheid ............................................................................................................................. 57
• Vestiging .................................................................................................................................................... 58
▪ Door de wet ............................................................................................................................................ 58
▪ Door een titel ......................................................................................................................................... 58
▪ Door verkrijgende verjaring ................................................................................................................... 58
• Afbakening ................................................................................................................................................. 58
• Rechten en plichten .................................................................................................................................... 59
▪ Plichten vruchtgebruiker bij ontstaan/aanvraag van vruchtgebruik ........................................................ 59
▪ Bij uitoefening ........................................................................................................................................ 59
• Einde of tenietgedaan ................................................................................................................................ 63
▪ Einde van vruchtgebruik ......................................................................................................................... 64
▪ Einde van vruchtgebruik – bijzondere gevallen ....................................................................................... 64
6. RECHT VAN ERFPACHT EN RECHT VAN OPSTAL ................................................................................................. 65
• Erfpacht...................................................................................................................................................... 65
▪ Definitie – historisch ............................................................................................................................... 65
▪ Toepassingen .......................................................................................................................................... 66
▪ Wettelijk kader....................................................................................................................................... 66
▪ Titularis .................................................................................................................................................. 67
▪ Voorwerp ............................................................................................................................................... 67
▪ Duur ....................................................................................................................................................... 67
▪ Voortijdige beëindiging .......................................................................................................................... 68
▪ Vestigingswijzen .................................................................................................................................... 68
▪ Bezwarend karakter? ............................................................................................................................. 69
▪ Rechten en verplichtingen ...................................................................................................................... 69
▪ Einde....................................................................................................................................................... 70
• Opstal ......................................................................................................................................................... 71
▪ Definitie – historisch ............................................................................................................................... 71
▪ Toepassingen .......................................................................................................................................... 72
▪ Voorwerp ............................................................................................................................................... 72
▪ Kenmerken ............................................................................................................................................. 72
▪ Opstal versus afstand van natrekking..................................................................................................... 73
▪ Duur ....................................................................................................................................................... 74
▪ Rechten en plichten ................................................................................................................................ 74
▪ Einde....................................................................................................................................................... 75
▪ Opstal versus accessoir opstalrecht........................................................................................................ 76
• Vergelijking erfpacht enopstal ................................................................................................................... 77
▪ Algemeen ............................................................................................................................................... 77
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, 7. BURENRELATIES ........................................................................................................................................ 77
• Erfdienstbaarheden ................................................................................................................................... 77
▪ Definitie ................................................................................................................................................. 77
▪ Voorwaarden ......................................................................................................................................... 77
▪ Kenmerken ............................................................................................................................................. 78
▪ Soorten .................................................................................................................................................. 79
▪ Afstanden .............................................................................................................................................. 80
▪ Erfdienstbaarheden versusdienstbaarheden ......................................................................................... 80
▪ Bronnen ................................................................................................................................................. 81
▪ Uitoefening ............................................................................................................................................ 85
▪ Duur ....................................................................................................................................................... 85
▪ Einde....................................................................................................................................................... 86
▪ Beëindiging van deerfdienstbaarheid .................................................................................................... 87
• Burenrelatie ............................................................................................................................................... 87
▪ Burenhinder ........................................................................................................................................... 87
▪ Gemene afsluiting of Mandeligheid (ZELFSTUDIE) .................................................................................. 88
8. MEDE-EIGENDOM .................................................................................................................................... 92
• Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................... 92
• Toevallige mede-eigendom ........................................................................................................................ 93
• Vrijwillige mede-eigendom ........................................................................................................................ 94
• Gedwongen mede-eigendom..................................................................................................................... 96
• Appartementsmede-eigendom ................................................................................................................. 96
▪ Dualistisch systeem ................................................................................................................................ 96
▪ Toepassingsgebied .................................................................................................................................. 96
▪ Dubbele structuur: gemene en private delen .......................................................................................... 97
▪ Statuten van hetgebouw ....................................................................................................................... 98
▪ Reglement van Interne Orde ................................................................................................................... 99
▪ Vereniging van mede-eigenaars ............................................................................................................. 99
▪ Overdracht van kavel ...........................................................................................................................104
▪ Achterstallen (art. 3.95BW) .................................................................................................................105
▪ Verboden bedingen ..............................................................................................................................105
zakelijkezekerheden ............................................................................................................................................... 106
1. ZAKELIJKE ZEKERHEDEN .............................................................................................................................. 106
1.1. Algemene regels ..................................................................................................................................106
1.1.1. Soorten overdrachten van vermogen ...............................................................................................107
1.2. Voorrechten .........................................................................................................................................110
1.2.1. Algemeen voorrecht ........................................................................................................................111
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,1.3. Zakelijk zekerheidsrecht.......................................................................................................................113
1.4. Hypotheek ...........................................................................................................................................113
1.4.1. Soorten ............................................................................................................................................114
1.4.2. Hypothecaire formaliteiten..............................................................................................................115
1.5. Rangregeling ........................................................................................................................................117
1.5.1. Basisregels ..................................................................................................................................117
1.6. Pandrecht ............................................................................................................................................117
1.6.1. Begrip ..............................................................................................................................................118
1.6.2. Totstandkoming ..............................................................................................................................118
1.6.3. Voorwerp .........................................................................................................................................119
1.6.4. Gewaarborgde schuldvordering ......................................................................................................119
1.6.5. Omvang van het pandrecht (art. 12) ................................................................................................120
1.6.6. Gevolgen .........................................................................................................................................120
1.6.7. Uitoefening ......................................................................................................................................120
1.6.8. Volgrecht .........................................................................................................................................121
1.6.9. In natura vereiste .............................................................................................................................121
1.6.10. Uitwinning...................................................................................................................................122
1.6.11. Eigendomsvoorbehoud ...............................................................................................................123
1.6.12. Retentierecht ..............................................................................................................................124
1.6.13. Rangconflicten ............................................................................................................................124
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, Deel 1: zakelijke gebruiksrechten
1. INLEIDING: WAT IS ZAKENRECHT OF GOEDERENRECHT?
• Situering
• Zakenrecht = goederenrecht = onderdeel van het privaatrecht/ burgerlijkrecht.
o Het privaatrecht regelt een rechtsverhouding tussen particulieren. ≠ publiekrecht
▪ Publiekrecht = regelt de rechtsverhouding tussen particulieren en de OH.
+ samenstelling, werking, … van OHinstellingen.
• Toch kunnen er in het zakenrecht publiekrechtelijke aangelegenheden zijn.
o VB: erfdienstbaarheid van publiek nut.
o VB: een elektriciteitslijn die onder uw perceel loopt, die elektriciteitslijn ligt daar niet
in het voordeel van een andere particulier maar wél in die van het algemeen belang,
nl. zodat je aansluiting kan hebben op de nutsleidingen.
• Nauw verbonden met het verbintenissen en het contractenrecht.
o VB: bij een koop-VK wordt het eigendomsrecht van het onroerend goed overgedragen.
• Privaatrecht wordt traditioneel opgedeeld in:
o het patrimoniaal recht of het vermogensrecht
▪ Bepaalde waarde aan verbonden die in geld uit te drukken is
o het extrapatrimoniaal recht.
• Het goederenrecht is ook een onderdeel van het vermogensrecht. Het heeft betrekking op een
actieve en passieve samenstelling van het patrimonium/vermogen.
Vermogen = de in geld waardeerbare goederen en rechten waarvan een persoon titularis is enerzijds,
zijn schulden en verplichtingen anderzijds
o Actief: goederen en rechten
o Passief: schulden en plichten
→ Activa of passiva die niet in geld kunnen worden uitgedrukt behoren niet tot het vermogen.
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