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HISTORY ESSAY SECOND YEAR ENGLISH DEGREE
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Essay from history lectures US politics, government and elections JUDICIARY BRANCH US
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CHERY Lucas 1 sur 3COMMENTAIRE DE TEXTE CIVILISATION
FDR’s Fireside Chat on the Reorganization of the Judiciary, March 9, 1937
As the Article 3 of the Constitution of the United States of America said there shall
be one supreme Court and inferior Courts ordained and established by the Congress,
which means that the Judiciary is as equal as the three others branches of the
government, and shall not be above them in anyway. That is in fact the subject of the
document that we will study, which is a speech made by Franklin Roosevelt in 1937 on
the 9th of March. It deals with the reorganization of the Judiciary. Roosevelt’s speech was
made in 1937 which means almost ten years after the Great Depression of 1929. Franklin
Roosevelt was the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 to 1945 ; he belonged
to the democratic party and was the only one elected four times president, and he tried to
remedy to the economic crisis of his time by implementing his New Deal agenda. The
document is a criticism of the Judiciary, and Roosevelt explains what it is expected from
this branch and why he thinks that this very branch is not respecting its first duty. So how
does Roosevelt speaks about the Judiciary and what does he want for this branch to do
in the future regarding its role and duty in the government ? A first part will deal with the
need to take actions concerning the protection of the American people after the worth
economic crisis of the country history. Then a second part will show why there is a need
of unity for and by the people within the government. And a third part will be about the
Court’s bad actions according to Roosevelt’s speech and how it be solved.
After the Great Depression which happened in 1929 the economy of the country
was at its lowest range, and president Roosevelt participated at the reconstruction of the
country with his New Deal agenda. In the document he claims that the America people
need to be protected and actions must be taken to do so. In the beginning of his speech
he says that the Court had doubts concerning ‘the ability of the elected Congress to
protect us against catastrophe’ (line 4), he criticizes the fact that in a time of such crisis
the Court is not helping the government to do what it takes to protect the America
people, this is not a matter of whether that branch of the government or another can or
can’t protect the population, the matter is to resolved the crisis.
Roosevelt uses the metaphor of a ‘three-horse team’ (line 11) to explain that it is
only this ‘team’ which can lead the country to prosper. He makes a quick allusion to
agriculture by talking about the ‘field’ which need to be ‘plowed’. In fact there was the
Agricultural Adjustment Act of the New Deal, which he talks about later in his speech, that
helped boosting agriculture in the country. The population needs to be take care of by the
government but Roosevelt reminds us that the government is formed by the people first,
he says it line 17 ‘it is the American people themselves who are in the driver’s seat’, which
means that even though the government is strong and in charge of everything the people
is what makes a government in the first place.
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