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Samenvatting Conceptuele Natuurkunde Met Technische Toepassingen (D0H021a-2122)
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Volledige samenvatting van het vak conceptuele natuurkunde met technische toepassingen
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CONCEPTUELE NATUURKUNDE METTECHNISCHE TOEPASSINGEN
KU LEUVEN 2021-2022
,INHOUDSOPGAVE
2.1 snelheid ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
2.2 versnelling ................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.3 beweging met een constante versnelling ..................................................................................................... 6
2.4 vrij vallende voorwerpen ............................................................................................................................. 6
4.1 kracht............................................................................................................................................................ 7
4.2 de eerste bewegingswet van Newton.......................................................................................................... 7
4.3 massa ........................................................................................................................................................... 7
4.4 de tweede bewegingswet van newton ........................................................................................................ 7
4.5 de derde bewegingswet van Newton .......................................................................................................... 7
4.6 gewicht: zwaartekracht en de normaalkracht ................................................................................................... 8
5.1 toepassingen van de wetten van newton met wrijving............................................................................... 8
5.2 eenparige cikelvormige beweging ............................................................................................................... 8
5.2.1 kinematica ......................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.2.2 dynamica ........................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.3 niet-eenparige cikelvormige beweging ........................................................................................................ 9
6.1 de wet van de universele zwaartekracht van Newton ................................................................................ 9
6.2 vectorvorm van de wet van de universele zwaartekracht ........................................................................... 9
6.3 DE ZWAARTEKRACHT VLAK BIJ HET OPPERVLAK VAN DE AARDE ........................................................ 10
7.1 ARBEID DIE DOOR EEN CONSTANTE KRACHT VERRICHT WORDT (si-eenheid: J) ................................... 10
7.2 HET INWENDIG PRODUCT VAN TWEE VECTOREN .................................................................................... 10
7.3 ARBEID DIE DOOR EEN VARIABELE KRACHT VERRICHT WORDT ............................................................. 10
7.3.1 ARBEID DIE DOOR EEN VEER VERRICHT WORDT ................................................................................................. 10
7.4 PRINCIPE VAN ARBEID EN KINETISCHE ENERGIE ..................................................................................... 10
8.1 conservatieve en niet conservatieve krachten ........................................................................................... 11
8.2 Potentiële energie (si-eenheid: j) ................................................................................................................ 11
8.2.1 potentiële energie in het zwaarteveld ......................................................................................................................... 11
8.2.2 potentiële energie in het algemeen ............................................................................................................................. 12
Potentiële energie als gevolg van elastische vervorming ................................................................................................... 12
8.3 Mechanische energie en behoud daarvan ................................................................................................. 12
,8.4 de wet van behoud van energie ................................................................................................................ 12
8.8 vermogen (si-eenheid: Watt) ...................................................................................................................... 12
9.1 impuls en relatie de relatie met kracht ....................................................................................................... 13
9.2 behoud van impuls .................................................................................................................................... 13
9.4 behoud van energie en impuls bij botsingen............................................................................................. 13
9.5 elastisch botsingen in één dimensie .......................................................................................................... 13
9.6 niet-elastische botsingen ............................................................................................................................ 13
9.8 massamiddelpunt (mm) ............................................................................................................................. 14
10.1 Grootheden bij rotatie – rotationele kinematica ....................................................................................... 14
10.2 vectoriële aard van rotatiegrootheden – rotationele kinematica.............................................................. 15
10.3 constante hoekversnelling – rotationele kinematica ................................................................................ 15
10.4 krachtmoment – rotationele dynamica..................................................................................................... 15
10.5 rotationele dynamica; krachtmoment en rotationele traagheid ............................................................... 15
10.7 traagheidsmomenten bepalen ................................................................................................................. 15
10.8 rotationele kinetische energie .................................................................................................................. 16
10.9 rotationele plus translationele beweging; rollen ..................................................................................... 16
11.1 Uitwendig vectorproduct; krachtmoment als een vector .......................................................................... 16
11.2 impulsmoment van een puntmassa ......................................................................................................... 16
11.3 impulsmoment en krachtmoment voor een systeem van puntmassa’s, algemene beweging................. 16
11.4 impulsmoment en krachtmoment van een star voorwerp ....................................................................... 17
11.5 Wet van behoud van impulsmoment ....................................................................................................... 17
12.1 de voorwaarden voor evenwicht ............................................................................................................. 17
12.2 stabiliteit en balans .................................................................................................................................. 17
12.3 elasticiteit; materiaalspanning en vervorming ......................................................................................... 17
12.3.1 elasticiteit en de wet van hooke ................................................................................................................................ 17
12.3.2 elasticiteitsmodulus ...................................................................................................................................................... 18
12.3.3 spanning en vervorming ............................................................................................................................................. 18
13.1 dichtsheid en soortelijk gewicht ............................................................................................................... 18
13.3 druk in vloeistoffen .................................................................................................................................. 18
13.3.1 het verband tussen druk en kracht ............................................................................................................................ 18
, 13.3.1 druk in vloeistoffen ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
13.4 atmosferische druk en manometerdruk .................................................................................................... 19
13.5 de wet van pascal .................................................................................................................................... 19
13.6 meten van druk; nanometer en barometer ............................................................................................... 20
13.7 opwaartse kracht en de wet van archimedes .......................................................................................... 20
14.1 trillingen van een veer ............................................................................................................................. 21
14.2 enkelvoudige harmonische beweging ..................................................................................................... 21
14.3 energie in de enkelvoudige harmonische oscillator................................................................................. 22
14.4 DE ENKELVOUDIGE SLINGER ................................................................................................................... 22
14.5 Gedempte harmonische beweging .......................................................................................................... 22
15.1 eigenschappen van een golfbeweging .................................................................................................... 22
15.2 typen golven: transversale en longitudinale golven ............................................................................... 23
15.3 Energietransport door golven ................................................................................................................... 24
15.4 wiskundige voorstelling van een lopende golf (harmonisch) ................................................................. 24
15.6 het superpositiebeginsel .......................................................................................................................... 24
15.7 reflectie en transmissie............................................................................................................................. 25
15.8 Interferentie .............................................................................................................................................. 25
15.9 staande golven; resonantie ...................................................................................................................... 25
15.10 resonantie .............................................................................................................................................. 26
21.1 statische elektriciteit; elektrische lading en het behoud daarvan ............................................................. 26
21.2 elektrische lading in een atoom ............................................................................................................... 26
21.3 isolatoren en geleiders ............................................................................................................................. 26
21.4 geïnduceerde lading: de elektroscoop...................................................................................................... 27
21.5 De wet van Coulomb (si-eenheid = coulomb) ......................................................................................... 27
21.6 het elektrisch veld (si-eenheid = newton/coulomb)................................................................................. 28
21.7 berekeningen van het elektrisch veld voor continue ladingsverdelingen ................................................ 28
21.8 ELEKTRISCHE VELDLIJNEN ....................................................................................................................... 28
21.9 elektrische velden en geleiders ................................................................................................................ 29
21.10 beweging van een geladen deeltje in een elektrisch veld ..................................................................... 29
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