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Samenvatting Histologie

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Samenvatting Histologie: zenuwstelsel

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  • January 6, 2022
  • 3
  • 2018/2019
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ZENUWSTELSEL
SPINALE ZENUW EN RUGGENMERG

Spinale zenuw:
= bundel parallel lopende zenuwvezels (axonen nauw geassocieerd meer schwanncellen)
Endoneurium:
= dun laagje losmazig bindweefsel  Omgeeft iedere individuele zenuwvezel
Perineurium:
= dikkere losmazige bindweefselhuls  omgeeft verschillende vezels
Epineurium:
= relatie dikke laag dens bindweefsel  omgeeft ganse zenuw
Witte stof:
 = weefsel rijk aan myeline  witte kleur macroscopisch
 Geheel van bundels of fasciculi  geleiden signalen van ruggenmerg  hersenen vice versa
Grijze stof
 = weefsel met weinig tot geen myeline aanwezig  donkerder
 Transversale doorsnede: vlindervorm met “vleugels” als hoorns
 Dorsale hoorn: relatief smal, tot aan rand ruggenmerg, aansluiten op dorsale wortel
 Ventrale hoorn: breder, door laag witte stof gescheiden van rand ruggenmerg

 Witte stof door vorm grijze stof verdeeld in kolommen
Dorsale kolom: tussen beide dorsale hoornen  ascenderende banen (craniale richting)
Laterale kolom: descenderend, geleiden signaal weg van hersenen
Ventrale kolom

NEUROANATOMIE RUGGENMERG

 Spinale zenuw thv ruggenmerg gesplitst in dorsale en ventrale wortel
 Via dorsale wortel: cellichaam in spinaal ganglion NIET in ruggenmerg  voeren signalen naar ruggenmerg =
afferente vezels  SENSORISCHE ZENUWVEZELS
 Via ventrale wortel: signalen van ruggenmerg  skeletspieren = efferente vezels  MOTORISCHE
ZENUWVEZELS
 Ascenderend en descenderend ≈ afferent en efferent
 Spinale zenuwen en witte stof: signaal geleidende kabels
 Grijze stof = processor v/h ruggenmerg

Doorsnijden:
1. Spinale zenuw  degenereren eindknoppen receptoren en effectoren perifeer
2. Ventrale zenuw  degenereren eindknoppen thv skeletspier
3. Dorsale zenuw perifeer van ganglion  degenereren eindknoppen thv spierspoelen
4. Dorsale zenuw perifeer van ganglion  GEEN degeneratie van axonen in spinale zenuw
SPINALE REFLEX

Reflexen:
= Integratieve processen
 Inkomend signaal weerkaatst thv ruggenmerg tot uitgaand signaal
 Essentieel: perifere receptor en effector niet rechtstreeks met elkaar verbonden MAAR via 2 zenuwvezels
 Centrale synaps bepaalt reactie van effector op prikkeling van receptor
Spinale reflex:
= gepaste reactie van perifere effector op prikkeling van een specifieke perifere receptor
Reflexboog:

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