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12.1 sustainable energy resources notes
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notes for unit 12.1 on environmental management
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Environmental Management12.1 Sustainable Energy Resources
De-industrialisation
- High income countries have moved most of their production goods to low
income and medium income countries as a result of the global availability of
labour
- As a result, energy consumption has reduced in most HICs and grown
significantly in low and medium income countries
- Deindustrialisation and increasing energy efficiency in MEDCs in general has
resulted in a relatively modest increase in demand compared with newly
industrialised countries (NICs). In some MEDCs the demand for energy has
actually fallen.
- It is the NICs that are increasing their energy demand by the fastest rate. China
alone has accounted for one-third of the growth in global oil demand since
2000.
- Most LEDCs struggle to fund their energy requirements. There is a strong
positive correlation between GNP per capita and energy use. Around the world 2
billion people lack access to household electricity.
Describe and explain the contrasting trends in energy consumption between HIC, MIC
AND LICs using the table on page 386 of the textbook
Primary energy consumption, 2002-12 (million tonnes oil equivilant)
Country 2002 2012 + OR -
USA 2295.5 2208.8 -
HICs Japan 513.3 478.2 -
Germany 334.0 311.7 -
UK 221.7 203.6 -
South Korea 203.0 271.1 +
MICs Malaysia 53.1 76.3 +
China 1073.8 2735.2 +
India 310,8 563.5 +
Bangladesh 14.8 26.3 +
LICs Pakistan 47,4 69.3 +
Peru 12.1 22.3 +
Algeria 28.6 44.6 +
The Niger delta
What is the context?
The delta covers an area of 70,000lm^2, making up 7.5% of Nigeria’s land area. It
makes up iver 75% of Africa’s remaining Mangroves
What are the environmental consequences?
Oil spills
- Oil spillage has a major impact on the ecosystem into which it is released and
may constitute ecocide. Immense tracts of the mangrove forests, which are
especially susceptible to oil (mainly because it is stored in the soil and re-
released annually during inundations), have been destroyed.
- An estimated 5 to 10% of Nigerian mangrove ecosystems have been wiped out
either by settlement or oil. The rainforest which previously occupied some 7,400
km² of land has disappeared as well.
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