Verbrandingsmotoren 1
Inhoud
Les 1 ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
Viertakt ................................................................................................................................................ 6
Inlaat .................................................................................................................................................... 6
Compressie .......................................................................................................................................... 6
Arbeid .................................................................................................................................................. 6
Uitlaat .................................................................................................................................................. 6
Les 2 ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
Drukpulsvulling ................................................................................................................................... 7
Vermogen sterk afhankelijk van vullingsgraad ................................................................................... 7
Compressiedruk ................................................................................................................................... 7
Cilinderinhoud of slagvolume ............................................................................................................. 8
Compressie verhouding ....................................................................................................................... 8
Wat gebeurt er met de compressieverhouding als: .............................................................................. 8
Verhouding boring/slag ....................................................................................................................... 8
Gemiddelde zuiger snelheid ................................................................................................................ 9
Cilinderkop: lijnmotor ......................................................................................................................... 9
Cilinderkop: V motor .......................................................................................................................... 9
W motor............................................................................................................................................... 9
VR motor ............................................................................................................................................. 9
Boxermotor.......................................................................................................................................... 9
Les 3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
Opbouw cilinders in motorblok ......................................................................................................... 10
Lagering krukas in motorblok ........................................................................................................... 10
Open deck en closed deck ................................................................................................................. 10
Motorblok zonder cilinderbussen ...................................................................................................... 11
Motorblok met natte cilinderbussen .................................................................................................. 11
Motorblok met droge cilinderbussen ................................................................................................. 11
Hoonprofiel ....................................................................................................................................... 12
Les 4 ...................................................................................................................................................... 13
Drijfwerk ........................................................................................................................................... 13
Benoeming onderdelen zuiger ........................................................................................................... 13
Taken zuiger, zuigerveren ................................................................................................................. 13
, Vereisten zuiger................................................................................................................................. 13
Gegoten vs gesmede zuiger ............................................................................................................... 13
Coating zuigerbodem ........................................................................................................................ 14
Belang temperatuur zuiger ................................................................................................................ 14
Vervorming door belasting ................................................................................................................ 14
Zuigerbodem vorm ............................................................................................................................ 15
Zuigerbodem ..................................................................................................................................... 15
Versterking zuiger ............................................................................................................................. 16
Zuiger snelheid .................................................................................................................................. 16
Zuigerveren ....................................................................................................................................... 16
Probleem zuigerveren ........................................................................................................................ 16
Kracht werking zuiger ....................................................................................................................... 16
Desaxtie ............................................................................................................................................. 17
Slijtage door leibaankracht ................................................................................................................ 17
Les 5 ...................................................................................................................................................... 18
Drijfstang ........................................................................................................................................... 18
krukas ................................................................................................................................................ 18
Revisie krukas ................................................................................................................................... 18
Motortrillingen .................................................................................................................................. 18
Buiging en torsietrilling..................................................................................................................... 19
Krukaspoelie met trillingsdempers .................................................................................................... 19
Krukas drijft aan: ............................................................................................................................... 19
Balanceren motor .............................................................................................................................. 20
Balanceren ......................................................................................................................................... 20
Sputterlager ....................................................................................................................................... 20
Les 6 ...................................................................................................................................................... 21
Vliegwiel ........................................................................................................................................... 21
Inertie van een massa in beweging .................................................................................................... 21
Vliegwiel verbindt krukas ................................................................................................................. 21
Dubbelmassa vliegwiel...................................................................................................................... 22
Vliegwiel klassieke automatische transmissie................................................................................... 22
Cilinderkop ........................................................................................................................................ 22
Vorm verbrandingskamer .................................................................................................................. 23
Opbouw cilinderkop benzine: wigvormige ....................................................................................... 23
verbrandingskamer ............................................................................................................................ 23
Opbouw indirect ingespoten .............................................................................................................. 23
, Opbouwcilinderkop direct ingespoten ............................................................................................... 24
Aantal kleppen................................................................................................................................... 24
Doorstroming oppervlak.................................................................................................................... 24
Demontage montage cilinderkop....................................................................................................... 25
Cilinderkoppakking ........................................................................................................................... 25
Mogelijk slijtages koppakking .......................................................................................................... 25
Vervangen koppakking...................................................................................................................... 25
Effect op compressieverhouding ....................................................................................................... 26
Kleppen ............................................................................................................................................. 26
Klepzitting ......................................................................................................................................... 26
Klaptemperatuur verlagen ................................................................................................................. 27
Oververhitting klep............................................................................................................................ 27
Les 7 ...................................................................................................................................................... 27
Nokkenas ........................................................................................................................................... 27
Soorten nokkenas .............................................................................................................................. 27
Onderliggende nokkenas ................................................................................................................... 27
Bovenliggende nokkenas ................................................................................................................... 28
Montage klep in cilinderkop.............................................................................................................. 28
Kleppen en klepveer .......................................................................................................................... 28
Distributieriem vs ketting .................................................................................................................. 28
(non-) Interference- engine ................................................................................................................ 28
Afstellen distributie ........................................................................................................................... 28
Distributie afstellen ........................................................................................................................... 29
Tips met distributie............................................................................................................................ 29
Kleppendiagram ................................................................................................................................ 29
........................................................................................................................................................... 30
Kleptiming en lift .............................................................................................................................. 30
Klepoverlap ....................................................................................................................................... 30
Klepoverlap ....................................................................................................................................... 31
Klepoverlap ....................................................................................................................................... 31
Vullingsgraad of cilindervulling Nv .................................................................................................. 31
RAM effect wordt beïnvloed door: ................................................................................................... 31
Pulsatie-effect .................................................................................................................................... 31
Klepoverlap ....................................................................................................................................... 32
Kleplift of kleplift hoogte .................................................................................................................. 32
Klep lift en kleptiming ...................................................................................................................... 32
, Negatieve gevolgen: .......................................................................................................................... 32
Dus: ................................................................................................................................................... 32
klepspeling ........................................................................................................................................ 33
Kleppenafstellen ................................................................................................................................ 33
Les 8,9 ................................................................................................................................................... 34
Herkennen draaizin............................................................................................................................ 34
Ontstekingsvolgorde= werkvolgorde ................................................................................................ 34
Ontstekingsafstand ............................................................................................................................ 34
Takten tabel of arbeidsdiagram ......................................................................................................... 34
Werkwijze ......................................................................................................................................... 34
Krukasvorm ....................................................................................................................................... 35
1 cilinder ............................................................................................................................................ 35
2 cilinder in lijn met gelijkgerichte krukken ..................................................................................... 36
2 cilinder in lijn tegengestelde krukken............................................................................................. 37
2 cilinder boxer.................................................................................................................................. 38
2 cilinder V90° .................................................................................................................................. 39
3 cilinder ............................................................................................................................................ 40
4 cilinder in lijn ................................................................................................................................. 41
4 cilinder crossplane .......................................................................................................................... 42
4 cilinder boxer.................................................................................................................................. 43
4 cilinder V60° .................................................................................................................................. 44
6 cilinder in lijn ................................................................................................................................. 45
6 cilinder boxer.................................................................................................................................. 46
6 cilinder V60° .................................................................................................................................. 46
6 cilinder V90° .................................................................................................................................. 47
8 cilinder V90° .................................................................................................................................. 48
8 cilinder V90° .................................................................................................................................. 49
12 cilinder V60° ................................................................................................................................ 50
Wat zeer goed te kennen ................................................................................................................... 51
Les 10 .................................................................................................................................................... 51
Cilinders ............................................................................................................................................ 51
Boringmeetapparaat........................................................................................................................... 52
Interpretatie boring meetapparaat ...................................................................................................... 52
Zuiger ................................................................................................................................................ 53
Zuigerspeling ..................................................................................................................................... 53
Zuigerveren ....................................................................................................................................... 54
,Drijfstang ........................................................................................................................................... 55
Lager van drijfstangvoet .................................................................................................................... 55
Axiale speling drijfstangvoet............................................................................................................. 56
Buiging en wringing drijfstang.......................................................................................................... 56
Krukas ............................................................................................................................................... 57
Slag krukas ........................................................................................................................................ 58
Flens .................................................................................................................................................. 58
Cilinderkop- motorblok ..................................................................................................................... 59
Vliegwiel ........................................................................................................................................... 59
Klep en klepgeleider .......................................................................................................................... 60
Nokkenas ........................................................................................................................................... 61
nokkenasprofiel ................................................................................................................................. 61
Kleppenmechanisme ......................................................................................................................... 61
Oliepomp ........................................................................................................................................... 61
Schottenpomp .................................................................................................................................... 62
Extra info ........................................................................................................................................... 62
, Les 1
Viertakt
• Inlaat BDP – ODP
• Compressie ODP -BDP
• Arbeid BDP- ODP
• Uitlaat ODP -BDP
Inlaat
Zoveel mogelijk lucht binnen stromen
Compressie
Opwarmen van de lucht door compressie
Vonk of zelfontsteking op het einde van de compressieslag
Arbeid
Toename temperatuur – druk toename op oppervlakte zuiger
Uitlaat
Uitlaatlucht ontsnapt
Inhoud
Les 1 ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
Viertakt ................................................................................................................................................ 6
Inlaat .................................................................................................................................................... 6
Compressie .......................................................................................................................................... 6
Arbeid .................................................................................................................................................. 6
Uitlaat .................................................................................................................................................. 6
Les 2 ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
Drukpulsvulling ................................................................................................................................... 7
Vermogen sterk afhankelijk van vullingsgraad ................................................................................... 7
Compressiedruk ................................................................................................................................... 7
Cilinderinhoud of slagvolume ............................................................................................................. 8
Compressie verhouding ....................................................................................................................... 8
Wat gebeurt er met de compressieverhouding als: .............................................................................. 8
Verhouding boring/slag ....................................................................................................................... 8
Gemiddelde zuiger snelheid ................................................................................................................ 9
Cilinderkop: lijnmotor ......................................................................................................................... 9
Cilinderkop: V motor .......................................................................................................................... 9
W motor............................................................................................................................................... 9
VR motor ............................................................................................................................................. 9
Boxermotor.......................................................................................................................................... 9
Les 3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
Opbouw cilinders in motorblok ......................................................................................................... 10
Lagering krukas in motorblok ........................................................................................................... 10
Open deck en closed deck ................................................................................................................. 10
Motorblok zonder cilinderbussen ...................................................................................................... 11
Motorblok met natte cilinderbussen .................................................................................................. 11
Motorblok met droge cilinderbussen ................................................................................................. 11
Hoonprofiel ....................................................................................................................................... 12
Les 4 ...................................................................................................................................................... 13
Drijfwerk ........................................................................................................................................... 13
Benoeming onderdelen zuiger ........................................................................................................... 13
Taken zuiger, zuigerveren ................................................................................................................. 13
, Vereisten zuiger................................................................................................................................. 13
Gegoten vs gesmede zuiger ............................................................................................................... 13
Coating zuigerbodem ........................................................................................................................ 14
Belang temperatuur zuiger ................................................................................................................ 14
Vervorming door belasting ................................................................................................................ 14
Zuigerbodem vorm ............................................................................................................................ 15
Zuigerbodem ..................................................................................................................................... 15
Versterking zuiger ............................................................................................................................. 16
Zuiger snelheid .................................................................................................................................. 16
Zuigerveren ....................................................................................................................................... 16
Probleem zuigerveren ........................................................................................................................ 16
Kracht werking zuiger ....................................................................................................................... 16
Desaxtie ............................................................................................................................................. 17
Slijtage door leibaankracht ................................................................................................................ 17
Les 5 ...................................................................................................................................................... 18
Drijfstang ........................................................................................................................................... 18
krukas ................................................................................................................................................ 18
Revisie krukas ................................................................................................................................... 18
Motortrillingen .................................................................................................................................. 18
Buiging en torsietrilling..................................................................................................................... 19
Krukaspoelie met trillingsdempers .................................................................................................... 19
Krukas drijft aan: ............................................................................................................................... 19
Balanceren motor .............................................................................................................................. 20
Balanceren ......................................................................................................................................... 20
Sputterlager ....................................................................................................................................... 20
Les 6 ...................................................................................................................................................... 21
Vliegwiel ........................................................................................................................................... 21
Inertie van een massa in beweging .................................................................................................... 21
Vliegwiel verbindt krukas ................................................................................................................. 21
Dubbelmassa vliegwiel...................................................................................................................... 22
Vliegwiel klassieke automatische transmissie................................................................................... 22
Cilinderkop ........................................................................................................................................ 22
Vorm verbrandingskamer .................................................................................................................. 23
Opbouw cilinderkop benzine: wigvormige ....................................................................................... 23
verbrandingskamer ............................................................................................................................ 23
Opbouw indirect ingespoten .............................................................................................................. 23
, Opbouwcilinderkop direct ingespoten ............................................................................................... 24
Aantal kleppen................................................................................................................................... 24
Doorstroming oppervlak.................................................................................................................... 24
Demontage montage cilinderkop....................................................................................................... 25
Cilinderkoppakking ........................................................................................................................... 25
Mogelijk slijtages koppakking .......................................................................................................... 25
Vervangen koppakking...................................................................................................................... 25
Effect op compressieverhouding ....................................................................................................... 26
Kleppen ............................................................................................................................................. 26
Klepzitting ......................................................................................................................................... 26
Klaptemperatuur verlagen ................................................................................................................. 27
Oververhitting klep............................................................................................................................ 27
Les 7 ...................................................................................................................................................... 27
Nokkenas ........................................................................................................................................... 27
Soorten nokkenas .............................................................................................................................. 27
Onderliggende nokkenas ................................................................................................................... 27
Bovenliggende nokkenas ................................................................................................................... 28
Montage klep in cilinderkop.............................................................................................................. 28
Kleppen en klepveer .......................................................................................................................... 28
Distributieriem vs ketting .................................................................................................................. 28
(non-) Interference- engine ................................................................................................................ 28
Afstellen distributie ........................................................................................................................... 28
Distributie afstellen ........................................................................................................................... 29
Tips met distributie............................................................................................................................ 29
Kleppendiagram ................................................................................................................................ 29
........................................................................................................................................................... 30
Kleptiming en lift .............................................................................................................................. 30
Klepoverlap ....................................................................................................................................... 30
Klepoverlap ....................................................................................................................................... 31
Klepoverlap ....................................................................................................................................... 31
Vullingsgraad of cilindervulling Nv .................................................................................................. 31
RAM effect wordt beïnvloed door: ................................................................................................... 31
Pulsatie-effect .................................................................................................................................... 31
Klepoverlap ....................................................................................................................................... 32
Kleplift of kleplift hoogte .................................................................................................................. 32
Klep lift en kleptiming ...................................................................................................................... 32
, Negatieve gevolgen: .......................................................................................................................... 32
Dus: ................................................................................................................................................... 32
klepspeling ........................................................................................................................................ 33
Kleppenafstellen ................................................................................................................................ 33
Les 8,9 ................................................................................................................................................... 34
Herkennen draaizin............................................................................................................................ 34
Ontstekingsvolgorde= werkvolgorde ................................................................................................ 34
Ontstekingsafstand ............................................................................................................................ 34
Takten tabel of arbeidsdiagram ......................................................................................................... 34
Werkwijze ......................................................................................................................................... 34
Krukasvorm ....................................................................................................................................... 35
1 cilinder ............................................................................................................................................ 35
2 cilinder in lijn met gelijkgerichte krukken ..................................................................................... 36
2 cilinder in lijn tegengestelde krukken............................................................................................. 37
2 cilinder boxer.................................................................................................................................. 38
2 cilinder V90° .................................................................................................................................. 39
3 cilinder ............................................................................................................................................ 40
4 cilinder in lijn ................................................................................................................................. 41
4 cilinder crossplane .......................................................................................................................... 42
4 cilinder boxer.................................................................................................................................. 43
4 cilinder V60° .................................................................................................................................. 44
6 cilinder in lijn ................................................................................................................................. 45
6 cilinder boxer.................................................................................................................................. 46
6 cilinder V60° .................................................................................................................................. 46
6 cilinder V90° .................................................................................................................................. 47
8 cilinder V90° .................................................................................................................................. 48
8 cilinder V90° .................................................................................................................................. 49
12 cilinder V60° ................................................................................................................................ 50
Wat zeer goed te kennen ................................................................................................................... 51
Les 10 .................................................................................................................................................... 51
Cilinders ............................................................................................................................................ 51
Boringmeetapparaat........................................................................................................................... 52
Interpretatie boring meetapparaat ...................................................................................................... 52
Zuiger ................................................................................................................................................ 53
Zuigerspeling ..................................................................................................................................... 53
Zuigerveren ....................................................................................................................................... 54
,Drijfstang ........................................................................................................................................... 55
Lager van drijfstangvoet .................................................................................................................... 55
Axiale speling drijfstangvoet............................................................................................................. 56
Buiging en wringing drijfstang.......................................................................................................... 56
Krukas ............................................................................................................................................... 57
Slag krukas ........................................................................................................................................ 58
Flens .................................................................................................................................................. 58
Cilinderkop- motorblok ..................................................................................................................... 59
Vliegwiel ........................................................................................................................................... 59
Klep en klepgeleider .......................................................................................................................... 60
Nokkenas ........................................................................................................................................... 61
nokkenasprofiel ................................................................................................................................. 61
Kleppenmechanisme ......................................................................................................................... 61
Oliepomp ........................................................................................................................................... 61
Schottenpomp .................................................................................................................................... 62
Extra info ........................................................................................................................................... 62
, Les 1
Viertakt
• Inlaat BDP – ODP
• Compressie ODP -BDP
• Arbeid BDP- ODP
• Uitlaat ODP -BDP
Inlaat
Zoveel mogelijk lucht binnen stromen
Compressie
Opwarmen van de lucht door compressie
Vonk of zelfontsteking op het einde van de compressieslag
Arbeid
Toename temperatuur – druk toename op oppervlakte zuiger
Uitlaat
Uitlaatlucht ontsnapt
