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Summary Neurobiology_Luc Leyns_vub

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For 3rd bachelor biology students: summary of the course Neurobiology taught by Luc Leyns at the VUB. Made in preparation for the open book exam

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  • January 10, 2022
  • 94
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
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NEUROBIOLOGY




Linde Ledoux

2021 – 2022

P. Luc Leyns

“Neuroscience: Exploring the brain” M.F. Bear, B. W. Connors & M.A. Paradiso

,NEURONS AND GLIA

= the two main components in nervous system

- Glia
Insulates and supports neurons
10 x more glia than neurons

- Neurons
Structural and functional unit of the nervous system
11
10 neurons in human brain

Histology = study of tissue structure

- Nissle Stain: stain nuclei and neuron cell body




- Golgi-Stain: differentiates two parts of neuron (cell body & neurites)

Neural cell body = soma and perikaryon
Neurites = axons and dendrites




- Cajal: dissection and golgi-staining research of the nervous system



Nobel prize 1906: Camillo Golgi & Santiago Ramon y Cajal: development of neuron theory

1. Neuron = structural and functional unit of nervous system
2. Neurons are individual cells (not continuous to other neurons)
3. Three parts of neuron = dendrites, soma and cell body
4. Conduction in direction from dendrites to soma to axon




2

,The neuron




3

, - Membrane
5nm thick barrier enclosing cytoplasm with varying protein concentration
Structure can influence neural function

- Cytoskeleton
Strong, three “bones”:

Microtubules

Microfilaments

Neurofilaments = intermediate filaments




- The Axon
Axon hillock (beginning)
Axon Proper (middle)
Axon terminal (end)
§ Diameter of 1-25 µm in humans (1 mm in squid)
§ Length up to 1 meter

Axon <--> Soma =
ER does not extend into axon (proteins are transported in vesicles)
Unique protein composition

- Axon terminal
No microtubules

Different cytoplasm

Synaptic vesicles with
neurotransmitters present

Abundance of membrane
proteins

Large number of mitochandria




4

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