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MRI portfolioMB1 2122
Portfolio MRI
2916APM03B
Kans 1
MBRTvtMB1
MRI groep
Rachel van Luijk
Henrike Dankers
Sylvia Kleuskens
Onderwerpen
MRI basis
Gradiëntecho
Flow
MRA
Diffusie
Advanced MRI
(Rye radiology, z.d.)
1
,Inhoudsopgave
Inhoudsopgave ........................................................................................................................................ 2
MRI Basis ................................................................................................................................................ 4
Diagnostische toets analyse ............................................................................................................... 4
Gradiëntecho ........................................................................................................................................... 5
Algemene informatie over gradiëntecho ............................................................................................. 5
Spatiële codering................................................................................................................................. 6
K-vlak .................................................................................................................................................. 6
Steady state ........................................................................................................................................ 8
Coherente gradiëntecho ...................................................................................................................... 9
Incoherente gradiëntecho ................................................................................................................. 10
Balanced gradiënt echo .................................................................................................................... 10
Beeldweging ...................................................................................................................................... 11
Flow fenomenen .................................................................................................................................... 13
Soorten type flow............................................................................................................................... 13
TOF ................................................................................................................................................... 14
Entry-slice .......................................................................................................................................... 14
Intra-voxel Dephasing ....................................................................................................................... 15
Flow compensatie .................................................................................................................................. 15
Even echo rephasing ........................................................................................................................ 15
Gradiënt moment rephasing .............................................................................................................. 15
Pre-saturatie ...................................................................................................................................... 16
Chemical pre-saturatie .................................................................................................................. 16
Vetsaturatie ................................................................................................................................... 16
Watersaturatie ............................................................................................................................... 16
SPIR: Spatial Inversion Recovery ................................................................................................. 16
MR-Angiografie ...................................................................................................................................... 17
CE-MRA ............................................................................................................................................ 17
Automatische bolus detectie ......................................................................................................... 17
Test bolus ..................................................................................................................................... 17
Visuele bolus timing ...................................................................................................................... 18
Mobi-track techniek ....................................................................................................................... 18
Nabewerking ................................................................................................................................. 18
Phase Contrast MRA (PCA) .............................................................................................................. 19
VenC ............................................................................................................................................. 19
Nabewerking ................................................................................................................................. 19
2D-PCA ......................................................................................................................................... 20
3D-PCA ......................................................................................................................................... 20
Black blood imaging .......................................................................................................................... 21
Bright blood imaging ......................................................................................................................... 21
TOF-MRA .......................................................................................................................................... 22
2
, TOF-SE ......................................................................................................................................... 22
TOF-GRE ...................................................................................................................................... 22
2D-TOF MRA ................................................................................................................................ 22
3D-TOF MRA ................................................................................................................................ 22
MOTSA ......................................................................................................................................... 23
Digitale substractie MRA ................................................................................................................... 23
Artefacten .......................................................................................................................................... 24
Diffusie ................................................................................................................................................... 28
ADC ................................................................................................................................................... 28
Techniek ............................................................................................................................................ 28
DWIBS .......................................................................................................................................... 29
Indicaties ........................................................................................................................................... 29
Neurologie ..................................................................................................................................... 30
Body .............................................................................................................................................. 31
Perfusie:................................................................................................................................................. 32
Indicaties: .......................................................................................................................................... 32
Neurologie ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Cardiologie .................................................................................................................................... 32
Oncologie ...................................................................................................................................... 33
Advanced MRI ....................................................................................................................................... 34
Diffusion Tensor Imaging .................................................................................................................. 34
MRS .................................................................................................................................................. 34
Technieken ................................................................................................................................... 35
fMRI ................................................................................................................................................... 36
Sequentie ...................................................................................................................................... 36
Techniek ....................................................................................................................................... 36
Beelden ......................................................................................................................................... 36
Bibliografie ............................................................................................................................................. 38
3
, MRI Basis
Diagnostische toets analyse
De diagnostische toets was even inkomen, MRI heb ik altijd lastig gevonden. De basiskennis over T1
en T2 zit er nog goed in. De parameters met gevolgen en het herkennen op het beeld ging me goed
af. Sommige vragen heb ik kunnen beantwoorden door de radiologie stage. De soorten magnetisme
wist ik niet zo goed meer en ga me daar nog even in verdiepen. Het begrip FID wist ik ook niet zo
goed meer uit te leggen. Dit is hieronder ook uitgewerkt. Deze twee onderwerpen ga ik in de eerste
week van de minor uitwerken.
Magnetisme
- Ferromagnetische materialen worden na blootstelling aan een magnetisch veld zelf
magnetisch.
o Soorten materialen: ijzerhoudende materialen, nikkel en kobalt.
- Paramagnetische materialen hebben een kleine positieve magnetische susceptibiliteit. Deze
worden licht aangetrokken door een extern magneetveld. Na blootstelling aan een magnetisch
veld worden ze niet zelf magnetisch. Het geeft een lokale verhoging van het magneetveld.
o Soorten materialen: aluminium, titanium en platinum.
- Diamagnetische materialen hebben een kleine negatieve magnetische susceptibiliteit en
worden licht afgestoten door het magneetveld. Het geeft een lokale verlaging van het
magneetveld.
o Soorten materialen: goud, zilver en lood. (Zuurbier, Nahuis, Geers-Van Gemeren,
Dam, & Dol-Jansen, 2017)
FID-signaal
Een bewegende lading kan een magnetisch veld genereren of andersom, dit heet inductie. De
ronddraaiende nettomagnetisatie kan een elektrische stroom induceren in een antenne, hierbij blijft de
vector rondom het B0-veld precesseren. Het verkregen signaal wordt het FID-signaal genoemd. Het
signaal heeft dezelfde frequentie als de precessiefrequentie van de protonspins. (Zuurbier, Nahuis,
Geers-Van Gemeren, Dam, & Dol-Jansen, 2017)
Evaluatie van de minor
Deze minor heeft mijn MRI kennis naar een hoger niveau gebracht. In het begin vond ik het wel even
lastig om te schakelen tussen alle technieken. Na het maken van het portfolio is het mij duidelijk
geworden wanneer ik welke techniek moet gebruiken.
4
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