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Anatomy and Physiology - A reviewer
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This documents includes information about the cell, the cell cycle, anatomical landmarks, and body organizations.
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REVIEWER: CELLComplete the following by identifying the numbered items then write down its specific function/s.
1. Mitochondria – powerhouse of the cell; genetic material, DNA. The nucleus controls
are the factory and storage center for ATP, all cellular functions; contains the
which is used as energy by the cell in making information that will tell the cell what to do,
cellular products and carrying out the what to make, and when to divide.
functions of the cell. 8. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum – does
2. Lysosome – an organelle containing not have ribosomes but is involved in
digestive enzymes modifying proteins synthesized by the rough
3. Golgi Apparatus – helps sort the proteins ER; creates lipids and fats
synthesized on the rough ER. The proteins 9. Plasma Membrane – controls what
are transported to the Golgi apparatus where materials go into and out of the cell
they may be stored or chemically modified 10. Centrioles – produce and organize
and then packaged for delivery to the cell microtubule
membrane for export outside the cell or to 11. Microtubule – related to cell structure,
other places inside the cell. movement, and cell division
4. Ribosomes – are the organelles where 12. Peroxisome – store enzymes
proteins are produced or synthesized 13. Cytoskeleton – a network of fibers that
5. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum – has holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep
ribosomes attached to it and makes proteins, its shape, and aids in movement.
including many important proteins for the 14. Endosome - contain
plasma membrane internalized materials including nutrients
6. Nucleolus – makes ribosomes and pathogens such as bacteria
7. Nucleus – is the control center of the cell
that contains the chromosomes with their
, A. Match the words with the appropriate meaning: (graded)
E 1. chromatin a. Study of the nature of diseases, their causes, development,
and consequences
B 2. chromosome b. Molecule that holds genetic information capable of
replicating and producing an exact copy whenever the cell
divides
G 3. cytoplasm c. Cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such
as the nucleus (reproduction), ribosomes (protein synthesis),
Golgi apparatus (removal of material from the cell), and
lysosomes (digestion)
D 4. deoxyribonucleic d. Structural component of the nucleus composed of nucleic
acid (DNA) acids and proteins
F 5. metabolism e. Threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of a
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule that carries hereditary
information encoded in genes
C 6. organelle f. Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in
a cell or an organism
A 7. pathology g. Jellylike substance found within the cell membrane
composed of proteins, salts, water, dissolved gases, and
nutrients
B. The Cell Cycle
Each cell in a multicellular organism receives information from different sources and processes
and this information will decide what this cell will become. The image below is the representation
of the whole cell cycle:
Image source: Courses Lumen Learning
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