Summary
Samenvatting grondslagen
- Course
- Institution
Smv van grondslagen (enkel slides en notities) Let op, andere prof (Prof Woumans in dit academiejaar)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
ecatelin
Reviews received
Content preview
Grondslagen van de psychologie: samenvattingInhoud
Hoofdstuk 1: Het begin...........................................................................................................................5
Grondslagen?......................................................................................................................................5
Wereld is sterk veranderd..................................................................................................................5
Het geschrift.......................................................................................................................................6
Ontstaan van het geschrift..............................................................................................................6
Geschriften als een extern geheugen.............................................................................................7
De lezer...............................................................................................................................................7
Ontstaan van getallen.........................................................................................................................8
Getallen namen geven....................................................................................................................8
Plaatscode en nul............................................................................................................................9
Vroege beschavingen.........................................................................................................................9
Griekse beschaving...........................................................................................................................10
Plato.............................................................................................................................................10
Aristoteles.....................................................................................................................................11
Scholen.........................................................................................................................................11
Alexandrië.........................................................................................................................................12
Romeinen.........................................................................................................................................12
Byzantijnse Rijk.................................................................................................................................12
Arabieren..........................................................................................................................................12
Nadagen van het Westerse Romeinse Rijk.......................................................................................13
Het tij keren in het Westen...............................................................................................................13
Het tijd keren in het Westen............................................................................................................13
Renaissance......................................................................................................................................14
Invloed van het Protestantisme........................................................................................................14
Boekdrukkunst..................................................................................................................................14
Kolonisatie........................................................................................................................................14
Grenzen van de geschiedschrijving...................................................................................................15
Hoofdstuk 2: De wetenschappelijke revolutie 1600-1700....................................................................16
Revolutie...........................................................................................................................................16
Kalenderproblemen..........................................................................................................................16
Geocentrisch model in Oude Griekenland........................................................................................16
Argumenten..................................................................................................................................17
1
, Probleem......................................................................................................................................17
Copernicus........................................................................................................................................18
Problemen met het heliocentrisch model....................................................................................18
Galilei................................................................................................................................................18
Bevindingen van Galilei.................................................................................................................19
Problemen met de Katholieke Kerk..............................................................................................19
Waarom reageerde de KK zo sterk?..............................................................................................19
Mechanisatie van de wereld.............................................................................................................20
De eerste wetten van de fysica.........................................................................................................20
Principia mathematica (1687).......................................................................................................22
Waarom Europa 17de eeuw?...........................................................................................................23
Revolutie?.........................................................................................................................................25
Wat was de nieuwe wetenschappelijke methode?..........................................................................25
Bacon............................................................................................................................................26
Er valt nog veel nieuwe kennis te ontdekken...................................................................................27
Maatschappelijke veranderingen t.g.v. wetenschap........................................................................28
Positivisme........................................................................................................................................29
De twee culturen..............................................................................................................................30
Hoofdstuk 3: Psychologie in de 18-19e eeuw.......................................................................................31
Wanneer sprak men van psychologie?.............................................................................................31
Individualisering in de maatschappij................................................................................................31
Epistemologie...................................................................................................................................32
Empirisme.........................................................................................................................................32
Filosofische probleem met het empirisme...................................................................................32
Idealisme vs. realisme.......................................................................................................................33
Psychologie.......................................................................................................................................34
Handboeken psychologie.................................................................................................................36
Wetenschappelijke studies van psychologische functies..................................................................37
Evolutietheorie.................................................................................................................................39
Bijdrage van de statistiek..................................................................................................................40
Vergelijking met geneeskunde.........................................................................................................41
Hoofdstuk 4: De uitbouw van psychologie als een nieuwe academische discipline.............................42
Duitsland..........................................................................................................................................42
Amerika............................................................................................................................................45
Frankrijk............................................................................................................................................46
2
, Freud en de psychoanalyse..............................................................................................................50
UK.....................................................................................................................................................51
Gent..................................................................................................................................................53
Wat over de 5 scholen?....................................................................................................................54
Hoofdstuk 7: Mind-brain, vrije wil en bewustzijn.................................................................................56
Ons zelf.............................................................................................................................................56
Relatie zelf - hersenen?....................................................................................................................56
Dualisme.......................................................................................................................................56
Materialisme.................................................................................................................................59
Functionalisme.............................................................................................................................60
Bewustzijn........................................................................................................................................63
Bewustzijn als toegang.................................................................................................................63
Fenomenologie.............................................................................................................................65
Twee types van denken....................................................................................................................67
Hoofdstuk 8: Invloed toegepaste psychologie op het dagelijkse leven................................................68
Psychologisatie van de maatschappij...............................................................................................68
1. Klinische psychologie....................................................................................................................68
Eerste klinische centra gerund door psychologen........................................................................69
Impact WOII..................................................................................................................................69
Na WOII........................................................................................................................................69
Social management......................................................................................................................71
Verhoogde kennis (klinische) psychologie in de maatschappij.....................................................71
2. Psychologische tests.....................................................................................................................71
Het belang van betrouwbare en valide tests................................................................................72
Ongestructureerde interviews scoren slecht op betrouwbaarheid..............................................72
Psychologische tests als een beter alternatief..............................................................................73
IQ testen.......................................................................................................................................73
Vaardigheidstesten.......................................................................................................................73
Persoonlijkheidstesten.................................................................................................................74
Tests worden hoe langer hoe belangrijker...................................................................................75
3. Arbeids- & Organisatie psychologie..............................................................................................75
Industriële psychologie.................................................................................................................75
Menselijke relaties........................................................................................................................76
Human resource management.....................................................................................................76
Opletten met te geïdealiseerde geschiedenissen van de wetenschap.........................................77
3
, Hoofdstuk 9: Wat is wetenschap?.......................................................................................................78
Welke status heeft wetenschap?......................................................................................................78
Superioriteit van wetenschap gebaseerd op 4 aannames................................................................78
Problemen....................................................................................................................................78
Ideeën over wetenschap in de oudheid............................................................................................79
Ideeën over wetenschap bij de katholieke kerk...............................................................................79
Ideeën tijdens de wetenschappelijke revolutie................................................................................79
Ideeën in de 17e-19e eeuw..............................................................................................................80
Positivisme........................................................................................................................................81
20e eeuw..........................................................................................................................................81
Logisch positivisme...........................................................................................................................81
Falsificatie.........................................................................................................................................82
Kuhn.................................................................................................................................................84
Postmodernisme en kennisoorlogen................................................................................................86
Pragmatisme als alternatief?............................................................................................................86
Besluit?.............................................................................................................................................87
Hoofdstuk 10: Is psychologie een wetenschap?...................................................................................88
Probleem..........................................................................................................................................88
Waarom wordt psychologie een wetenschap genoemd?.................................................................88
Waarom ziet samenleving psychologie niet als wetenschap?..........................................................91
1. Stereotiep beeld van psycholoog beantwoordt niet aan stereotiep beeld van wetenschapper
......................................................................................................................................................91
2. Veel psychologen buiten het onderzoek...................................................................................92
3. Psychologiekennis is gemakkelijk..............................................................................................92
4. Heeft psychologie al een algemene theorie die een globaal kader biedt?................................92
5. Niet alle academische psychologen zien psychologie als een wetenschap...............................92
Kritiek op de psychologie als wetenschap........................................................................................93
Nieuwe evolutie: Kritische psychologie............................................................................................94
Gespletenheid binnen de psychologie..............................................................................................94
Gevolgen voor vak geschiedenis van de psychologie.......................................................................95
Hoofdstuk 13: Psychologie & Maatschappij.........................................................................................96
Psychologie en maatschappij beïnvloeden elkaar............................................................................96
Invloed maatschappij op psychologie...............................................................................................96
Invloed psychologie op maatschappij.............................................................................................102
Psychische stoornis is nog altijd een stigma...................................................................................105
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ecatelin. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.10. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
81113 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now