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Samenvatting Algemene Psychologie hoofdstuk “leren” in Toegepaste Psychologie van Thomas More
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LEREN, INLEIDING
Behavioristische definitie (Skinner): “leren is verandering in gedrag”
{
Bijkomende eigenschappen leren
> relatief duurzaam itt kortstondige ver. ✗ BV: emoties = relatief duurzame ver. in
> niet gevolg lich. ver. door letsel / ziekte / lich. rijping potentieel gedrag dat gevolg is v.
> = reflex / instinctief gedrag gerelateerde
> leren kan soms optreden zonder wijzigingen in gedrag omgevingsgebeurtenissen / bep.
er varing
Eenvoudige vormen van leren:
- habituatie = leren niet rea. op herhaalde aanbieding van stimulus
- sensitisatie = leren steeds sterker rea. op herhaalde aanbieding van stimulus
✗ BV: lekkende kraan, alarm wnr gordel niet aan in auto
- mere exposure effect = aangeleerde voorkeur stimuli waar we al eerder aan zijn
blootgesteld
KLASSIEKE CONDITIONERING
= ontdekt door Pavlov (1894-1936)
belsignaal,
lichtflits,
trilling
leren van stimilus-respons verband waarbij irrelevante/neutrale stimulus
vermogen krijgt om zelfde aangeboren reflex op te roepen als relevante stimulus
salivatie, voedsel,
kniepeereflex, slag op knie,
oogknipperreflex lucht in oog
Terminologie
NS = neutrale stimulus (tikken van klok) CS = geconditioneerde stimulus
US / UCS = ongeconditioneerde stimulus (voedsel) CR = geconditioneerde respons
UR / UCR = ongeconditioneerde respons (gekwijl)
Appetitieve conditionering
= aangename stimulus
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