,Onderzoeksvaardigheden....................................................................................................................... 0
1. Basisbegrippen................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1. Wetenschappelijk verantwoord onderzoek..............................................................3
1.2. Soorten onderzoek................................................................................................3
1.2.1. Verschillende doelen: fundamenteel en praktijkgericht onderzoek........................................3
1.2.2. Verschillende grondvormen: kwantitatief en kwalitatief onderzoek.......................................4
1.2.3. Verschillende tijdsperspectieven............................................................................................4
Cross-sectioneel onderzoek............................................................................................................. 4
= Mensen worden eenmalig op een bepaald tijdstip, onderzocht....................................................4
Longitudinaal onderzoek.................................................................................................................. 4
= loopt langer doorheen de tijd: er worden meerdere onderzoek momenten ingelast....................4
Trendonderzoek............................................................................................................................... 4
Panelonderzoek................................................................................................................................ 4
1.3. Eisen aan onderzoek.............................................................................................. 5
1.3.1. Wetenschappelijke eisen........................................................................................................ 5
1.3.2. Etnische eisen........................................................................................................................ 5
1.3.3. Praktische eisen..................................................................................................................... 5
1.4. Het onderzoeksproces: fasen in een onderzoek.......................................................6
2. Het onderzoeksplan (= denkfase/ -proces)......................................................................................... 7
2.1. De probleemstelling.............................................................................................. 7
(= de context waarin je onderzoeksvraag tot stand komt)..............................................7
2.1.1. De aanleiding......................................................................................................................... 7
2.1.2. De doelstelling....................................................................................................................... 7
2.1.3. De afbakening van het onderwerp en de doelgroep...............................................................7
2.1.4. De onderzoeksvragen............................................................................................................ 7
2.2. Bepalen van de grondvorm: de keuze voor kwantitatief of kwalitatief onderzoek....10
2.2.1. De keuze bij verklarende onderzoeksvragen........................................................................10
2.2.2. De keuze bij beschrijvende onderzoeksvragen.....................................................................10
2.3. Het onderzoek ontwerp........................................................................................10
2.3.1. Wat waarnemen?................................................................................................................. 10
2.3.2. Wie waarnemen?.................................................................................................................. 10
2.3.3. Hoe waarnemen?................................................................................................................. 10
3. Steekproeftrekking........................................................................................................................... 11
3.1. Basisbegrippen.................................................................................................... 11
3.2. Aselecte steekproef............................................................................................. 11
3.2.1. Principes............................................................................................................................... 11
3.2.2. Types................................................................................................................................... 11
3.2.3. Externe geldigheid/validiteit................................................................................................ 12
3.2.4. Responsmaximalisatie.......................................................................................................... 12
3.3. Niet-theoretische selectie van steekproeven.........................................................12
3.3.1. Principes............................................................................................................................... 12
3.3.2. Types.................................................................................................................................. 13
3.3.3. Externe geldigheid.............................................................................................................. 13
3.4. Theoretisch selecte steekproeven........................................................................14
3.4.1. Principes............................................................................................................................... 14
3.4.2. Types................................................................................................................................... 14
3.4.3. Externe geldigheid............................................................................................................... 14
4. Kwantitatief onderzoek via enquêtes................................................................................................ 15
4.1. Kwantitatieve onderzoeksmethoden.....................................................................15
4.1.1. Een korte omschrijving van de 5 methoden.........................................................................15
4.1.2. De keuze tussen de methoden............................................................................................. 15
4.2. Operationaliseren van kenmerken: van onderzoeksvraag naar enquête.................16
Stap 1: Bepaal de variabelen in de onderzoeksvraag of hypothese...............................................16
Stap 3: Bepaal welke componenten van de variabele je wil onderzoeken......................................16
Stap 4: Zet de kenmerken of componenten om naar indicatoren..................................................16
Stap 5: Zet de indicatoren om naar vragen en antwoordmogelijkheden in een vragenlijst...........16
4.3. Een enquête opstellen.........................................................................................17
4.3.1. Soort enquêtevragen........................................................................................................... 17
Onderzoeksvaardigheden
2
, Gesloten vragen............................................................................................................................. 17
Halfopen vragen............................................................................................................................. 17
Enkelvoudige vragen...................................................................................................................... 17
Meervoudige vragen...................................................................................................................... 17
Hier zijn meerdere antwoorden mogelijk........................................................................................17
Schikkingsvragen........................................................................................................................... 17
Dichotome vragen.......................................................................................................................... 17
Schaalvragen................................................................................................................................. 17
Meetschaal..................................................................................................................................... 17
Likertschaal.................................................................................................................................... 17
4.3.2. Enqûete/ vragen opstellen................................................................................................... 17
4.3.3. Antwoordmogelijkheden formuleren....................................................................................18
4.3.4. Opbouw vragenlijst.............................................................................................................. 18
4.4. Betrouwbaarheid en geldigheid van het dataverzamelingsinstrument....................19
4.4.1. Betrouwbaarheid.................................................................................................................. 19
4.4.2. Geldigheid/ validiteit............................................................................................................ 19
4.5. Afname van enquêtes..........................................................................................19
5. Data-analyse in kwantitatief onderzoek........................................................................................... 20
5.1. Voorbereiding van de data-analyse.......................................................................20
5.1.1. Codering van blanco enquêtes............................................................................................. 20
5.1.2. Een codeboek opstellen....................................................................................................... 20
5.1.3. Een datamatrix opstellen..................................................................................................... 20
5.1.4. Variabelen en hun meetniveaus........................................................................................... 21
5.2. Beschrijving van afzonderlijke variabelen.............................................................21
5.2.1. Frequentietabellen............................................................................................................... 21
https://d.docs.live.net/54d18ab6d2800143/Documenten/2021-2022/VIVES%202021-2022/Vakken
%20Semester%201/Onderzoeksvaardigheden/Statistiek%20oefeningen%20voorbereiding.docx. 21
5.2.2. Grafieken............................................................................................................................. 22
5.2.3. Centrum- en spreidingsmaten.............................................................................................. 23
5.3. Beschrijving van een combinatie van variabelen...................................................24
5.3.1. Kruistabellen........................................................................................................................ 24
5.3.2. Correlatietabellen................................................................................................................. 25
6. Kwalitatief onderzoek via interviews en focusgroepen.....................................................................27
6.1. Het onderzoeksproces.........................................................................................27
6.2. Kwalitatieve onderzoeksmethoden.......................................................................27
6.2.1. Een korte omschrijving van enkele methoden......................................................................27
6.2.2. De keuze tussen de methoden............................................................................................. 27
6.3. Interviews........................................................................................................... 28
6.3.1. Soorten interviews............................................................................................................... 28
6.3.2. Interviews voorbereiden....................................................................................................... 28
6.4. Focusgroepen...................................................................................................... 29
6.4.1. Focusgroepen voorbereiden................................................................................................. 29
Onderzoeksvaardigheden
2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller zowittevrongel. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.47. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
