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CMY2603 Past Paper Questions
Compiled by Kayleigh John
Based on past papers 2012-2014 and
assignments from 2014-2015
*Answers were all found in the text book
,CMY2603 Past Paper Questions
A neighborhood characterized by …and …is likely to produce a
child who is at high risk of becoming involved in misbehavior
o Poverty and unemployment
In South Africa, a significant number of children as young as 10
are addicted to drugs such as
o Dagga
o Heroin
o Tik
Gangs are generally characterized by their specific objectives
such as
o Sexual misbehavior, drug abuse, vandalism
o Robbery, motor vehicle theft
o Attacking and assaulting rival gang members
…. Can be defined as the need to ingest larger doses of a specific
substance to achieve the same effect that was previously
achieved with smaller doses
o Tolerance
…and …may contribute directly to violent crime, especially if it
occurs in a group context where there is strong social pressure to
conform to group’s rules and where there are rituals
o Substance abuse and excessive alcohol use
According to research, there is an association between episodes
of violent behavior and abnormal levels of male sex hormones
known as
o Androgens
Youth sexual offenders tend to be from a lower socioeconomic
class compared with other criminal youths. Their home life is
characterized by family and parental pathology including
o Physical abuse and neglect
The usage of this drug is spreading rapidly among the school-
going population. It is used as a recreational drug for the intense
euphoria it produces
o Heroin
Female gang members commit fewer violent crimes than their
male counterparts, and are more inclined to commit
o Property crimes and status offences
, These high-risk offences peak at an early age and decline rapidly
with the maturation process
o Burglary, vandalism and robbery
….is also referred to as the behavior-regulating chemical, since
animal studies have demonstrated a link between low levels of
the neurotransmitter present in the brain and aggressive
behavior
o Serotonin
They are the most common hallucinogens used by youth in South
Africa
o Ketamine, dagga and LSD
Research indicates that 85% to 94% of persons who are
imprisoned will reoffend, therefore rehabilitation is considered a
very significant …strategy
o Tertiary crime prevention
…should, to a great extent, focus on thinking patterns and
behavioural transformation in cases of embedded patterns of
criminality
o Rehabilitation
Although a range on non-custodial sentences is available to the
courts for the sentencing of convicted children, ….is often the
only alternative
o Imprisonment
A comprehensive approach that is directed at the child as a total
person and aimed at building and improving the links between
the ….is necessary to address the problem of youth misbehavior
and violence in the country
o School, the community and the family
The increase in the number of single-parent and child-headed
households, as well as the increased demands of parents careers
led to youths being cut from
o Adults and role models
Statistics in South Africa show that one in three young people
commit serious offences such as assault, murder, rape and
o Housebreaking
Alcohol is the most commonly used drug among young people,
surpassing …and illicit drugs
o Tobacco
, New drugs on the market include
o Cat, sugars and tik
o Tik, nyaope and whoonga
…is not a “safe” social drug as is generally thought. On the
contrary, it is a powerful stimulant that can cause chronic
dehydration and serious exhaustion
o Ecstasy
The objectives of the gang usually relate to the needs that exist
within the
o Gang
High risk offences such as robbery, …and …peak at an early age
and decrease rapidly with the maturation process
o Burglary, vandalism
More than …of individuals who begin drinking before the age of
13 years stand a good chance of abusing or becoming dependent
on alcohol
o 40%
The programs with secondary prevention usually target high risk
groups such as
o Neglected
Punishment and rehabilitation fall within the realm of
o Tertiary prevention
Research shows that 85% to 94% of persons who are imprisoned
will re-offend, therefore …is considered a very important tertiary
crime prevention strategy
o Rehabilitation
Provision for basic opportunities for young people’s needs such
as …services are some of the mechanisms for primary prevention
o Health
Females tend to become involved in gangs as a result of being …
abused at home
o Sexually
Children and youths in Dar es Salaam choose to live on the
streets, justifying their action being the only alternative to the
realities of
o Disintegrating family
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