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Samenvatting Cybersecurity
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21-22Cybersecurity
Storm Tuyls
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21-22
,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: Een wereld van experten en criminelen ............................................................................................ 6
1.1 kracht van data.............................................................................................................................................. 6
1.2 Hackers .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 cybercriminelen............................................................................................................................................. 7
1.4 gecoordineerde acties ................................................................................................................................... 7
1.5 Typische cyberaanvallen ............................................................................................................................... 8
1.5.1 Bedreigingen en kwetsbaarheden ......................................................................................................... 8
1.5.2 interessante data ................................................................................................................................... 8
1.5.3 Doelwitten .............................................................................................................................................. 8
1.5.4 Meer dan persoonlijke data ................................................................................................................... 8
1.5.5 Hoe beschermen .................................................................................................................................... 9
1.6 interne vs. externe aanvallen ........................................................................................................................ 9
1.6.1 interne aanvallen ................................................................................................................................... 9
1.6.2 externe aanvallen ................................................................................................................................. 10
1.6.3 Opkomst van mobiele apparaten ......................................................................................................... 10
1.7 opkomst Internet-of-Things ........................................................................................................................ 10
1.7.1 Federatief identiteitsbeheer ................................................................................................................ 10
1.8 nood aan experten ...................................................................................................................................... 11
1.8.1 de 7 categorieen................................................................................................................................... 11
Hoofdstuk 2: De cybersecurity kubus ................................................................................................................... 12
2.1 de 3 dimensies ............................................................................................................................................ 12
2.1.1 Beveiligingsprincipes ............................................................................................................................ 12
2.1.2 Staten van data .................................................................................................................................... 12
2.1.3 beveiligingsmaatregelen ...................................................................................................................... 12
2.2 De CIA driehoek (security Goals) ................................................................................................................. 13
2.2.1 Vertrouwelijkheid ................................................................................................................................. 13
2.2.2 Integriteit ............................................................................................................................................. 15
2.2.3 Beschikbaarheid ................................................................................................................................... 15
2.3 De staten van data ...................................................................................................................................... 15
2.3.1 Data in rust ........................................................................................................................................... 15
2.3.2 Data tijdens het verzenden .................................................................................................................. 16
2.3.3 Data tijdens het verwerken .................................................................................................................. 16
2.4 Beschermingsmaatregelen .......................................................................................................................... 16
2.4.1 Technologieen ...................................................................................................................................... 16
2.4.1 Opleidingen en training ........................................................................................................................ 17
1
, 2.4.2 beleid en procedures ........................................................................................................................... 17
2.5 Het ISO cybersecurity model ....................................................................................................................... 17
Hoofdstuk 3: Bedreigingen, aanvallen en kwetsbaarheden ................................................................................. 18
3.1 Malware en kwaadaardige code ................................................................................................................. 18
3.1.1 verschillende soorten malware ............................................................................................................ 18
3.1.2 E-mail en browser aanvallen ................................................................................................................ 19
3.2 Misleiding en oplichting .............................................................................................................................. 21
3.2.1 De kunst van het oplichten .................................................................................................................. 21
3.2.2 Soorten oplichting ................................................................................................................................ 21
3.3 Cyber aanvallen ........................................................................................................................................... 22
3.3.1 soorten cyber aanvallen ....................................................................................................................... 22
3.3.2 draadloze en mobiele aanvallen .......................................................................................................... 23
3.3.3 Applicatie aanvallen ............................................................................................................................. 23
hoofstuk 4 : de kunst van het beschermen van geheimen ................................................................................... 25
4.1 Cryptografie................................................................................................................................................. 25
4.1.1 Twee types algoritmen ......................................................................................................................... 27
4.1.2 Private-key versleuteling ...................................................................................................................... 27
4.1.2 Public-key versleuteling ....................................................................................................................... 28
4.1.3 Diffie Hellman....................................................................................................................................... 29
4.1.4 Toepassingen........................................................................................................................................ 30
4.1.5 Protocollen (Asymmetrisch) ................................................................................................................. 30
4.1.6 Virtual Private Network (VPN) ............................................................................................................. 30
4.2 toegangscontrole ........................................................................................................................................ 31
4.2.1 soorten toegangscontrole .................................................................................................................... 31
4.2.2 Onderwerp vs. object ........................................................................................................................... 31
4.2.3 Stategieen voor toegangscontrole ....................................................................................................... 32
4.2.4 Identificatie .......................................................................................................................................... 32
4.2.5 authenticatiemethoden ....................................................................................................................... 33
4.2.6 autorisatie ............................................................................................................................................ 33
4.2.7 verantwoording (Accountability) ......................................................................................................... 33
4.2.8 Soorten beveiligingsmaatregelen......................................................................................................... 34
4.3 datas verduisteren ...................................................................................................................................... 35
4.3.1 gegevensmaskering (masking) ............................................................................................................. 35
4.3.2 steganografie ....................................................................................................................................... 35
4.3.3 gegevensverduistering (obfuscation) ................................................................................................... 35
Hoofdstuk 5 : Het verzekeren van integriteit0 ...................................................................................................... 36
5.1 Soorten integriteitscontroles ...................................................................................................................... 36
2
, 5.1.1 Hashing algoritmen .............................................................................................................................. 36
5.1.2 Toepassingen........................................................................................................................................ 37
5.1.3 veilig bewaren van paswoorden .......................................................................................................... 37
5.1.4 Salting ................................................................................................................................................... 37
5.1.4 Rainbow tables ..................................................................................................................................... 37
5.1.5 Collisions .............................................................................................................................................. 38
5.1.6 HMAC ................................................................................................................................................... 38
5.1.7 vertragende hashing algoritmes .......................................................................................................... 38
5.2 Digitale handtekeningen ............................................................................................................................. 39
5.2.1 handtekeningen en de wet .................................................................................................................. 39
5.3 certificaten .................................................................................................................................................. 39
5.3.1 de basis................................................................................................................................................. 39
5.3.2 gebruik bij websites ............................................................................................................................. 39
5.3.3 opstellen van een certificaat ................................................................................................................ 40
Hoofdstuk 6 : het 5x9 principe .............................................................................................................................. 40
6.1 Hoge beschikbaarheid ................................................................................................................................. 40
6.1.1 Wat is het 5x9 principe ........................................................................................................................ 40
6.1.2 cruciale sectoren .................................................................................................................................. 40
6.1.3 Bedreigingen van de beschikbaarheid ................................................................................................. 41
6.2 maatregelen om de beschikbaarheid te verhogen ..................................................................................... 41
6.2.1 assets management ............................................................................................................................. 41
6.2.2 een diepe verdedeging ......................................................................................................................... 42
6.2.3 Reduntie ............................................................................................................................................... 42
6.2.4 weerstand van het systeem ................................................................................................................. 43
6.3 Incident response ........................................................................................................................................ 43
6.3.1 de incident response fase .................................................................................................................... 43
6.3.2 incident response | technologie .......................................................................................................... 43
6.4 Disaster recovery......................................................................................................................................... 44
6.4.1 Disaster Recovery Planning .................................................................................................................. 44
Hoofdstuk 7 : fasen van een aanval ...................................................................................................................... 45
7.1 de 5 fasen .................................................................................................................................................... 45
7.2 Reconnaissance ........................................................................................................................................... 45
7.2.1 doel ...................................................................................................................................................... 45
7.2.2 2 types .................................................................................................................................................. 45
7.2.3 Zoekmachines ...................................................................................................................................... 46
7.2.4 Openbare databanken ......................................................................................................................... 46
7.2.5 Job sites ................................................................................................................................................ 46
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