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Samenvatting Mens & Samenleving 2021/2022

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Samenvatting van het boek Interculturele Compententies met uitleg en bijna alle begrippen die achterin in het boek staan. Ook staat de lesstof wat besproken is erin verwerkt.

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  • January 14, 2022
  • 40
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
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SAMENVATTING
MENS EN SAMENLEVING

,Inhoudsopgave
1.1 Referentiekader en cultuur.............................................................................................................................4
1.2 Belangrijke begrippen....................................................................................................................................5

2. Waar komt cultuur vandaan?..................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Basisaanname en universele dilemma’s........................................................................................................8
2.2 Basisaannames en cultuurtypen....................................................................................................................9
2.3 Culturele identiteit..........................................................................................................................................9
2.4 Subculturen..................................................................................................................................................10
2.5 Context.........................................................................................................................................................10
2.6 Landenculturen.............................................................................................................................................10
2.7 De gekleurde bril..........................................................................................................................................11
2.8 Stereotypering..............................................................................................................................................11
2.9 Racisme en discriminatie..............................................................................................................................13
2.10 Stigmatiseren.............................................................................................................................................14

3. Culturele basiswaarden, dimensies en cultuurtypen.................................................................................14
3.1 Basiswaarden culturen volgens Pinto..........................................................................................................14
3.2 Piramide van behoeften...............................................................................................................................16
3.3 Cultuurverschillen.........................................................................................................................................16
3.4 Cultuurtypen van Lewis................................................................................................................................17
3.5 Hoge en lage contextculturen......................................................................................................................18
3.6 Basisopvattingen culturen............................................................................................................................19
3.7 Tijdbeleving en ruimte..................................................................................................................................19

4. Verborgen culturele aspecten van communicatie.....................................................................................20
4.1 Cultuurverschillen in verbale communicatie................................................................................................20
4.2 Cultuurverschillen in non-verbale communicatie.........................................................................................21
4.3 Culture shock................................................................................................................................................21

5. Omgaan met cultuurverschillen en effectief communiceren......................................................................23
5.1 Aanpassingsstrategieën...............................................................................................................................24
5.2 Ongepaste aanpassingsstrategieën.............................................................................................................24
5.3 Omgaan met cultuurverschillen...................................................................................................................24
5.4 Loslaten van overtuigingen..........................................................................................................................28

6. Culturen in Nederland, reclamecampagnes en culturele aspecten.............................................................28
6.1 Definitie allochtoon......................................................................................................................................29
6.2 Jaarrapport integratie 2018/2020...............................................................................................................29
6.3 Internationale reclamecampagnes..............................................................................................................30
6.4 Reclamecampagnes en culturele aspecten..................................................................................................31

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, 6.5 Reclames United colors of Benetton............................................................................................................32
6.6 Etnomarketing..............................................................................................................................................33
6.7 Boodschappen en informatiestromen..........................................................................................................33
6.8 Generaal pardon..........................................................................................................................................34

7. Begrippen................................................................................................................................................ 34




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, 1. Wat is cultuur?
Cultuur is een lastig te definiëren begrip. Er is niet één simpele definitie te geven. Wanneer
mensen het over cultuur hebben is de betekenis afhankelijk van de context: er zijn
landculturen, bedrijfsculturen en subculturen in een samenleving.

Cultuur blijkt een groter deel van ons leven te bepalen dan we denken. Veel van wat wij
mensen denken dat ‘onze’ gedachten zijn, ‘mijn’ beslissing is of wat ‘ik’ leuk vind, blijkt
onderdeel te zijn van de eeuwenoude cultuur van ‘onze’ samenleving.

Definitie Hofstede
“Cultuur Is de collectieve mentale programmering van de menselijke geest.”
 Construct dat aangeleerd is, dat wordt overgebracht door factoren om je heen.

Definitie De Jager
“Cultuur is het min of meer samenhangende geheel van voorstellingen, opvattingen,
waarden en normen die mensen zich als lid van hun maatschappij door middel van
leerprocessen hebben verworven, dat in hoge mate hun gedrag beïnvloedt, waardoor zij zich
onderscheiden van de leden van andere maatschappijen. “
 Cultuur dat is aangeleerd.

Individu Persoonlijkheid  aangeboren/ aangeleerd Psychologie
Groep Cultuur  aangeleerd Sociologie en culturele antropologie
Universeel Menselijke natuur  aangeboren Biologie en medische wetenschap




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