Samenvatting van de stoornissen aan de witte bloedcellen
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Course
Pathofysiologie II
Institution
Universiteit Gent (UGent)
In dit document worden de verschillende mogelijke stoornissen aan de witte bloedcellen die te kennen zijn voor pathofysiologie 2 besproken.
Ze worden opgelijst en samengevat.
Ziekte van Kahler
= ongecontroleerde groei plasmacellen => afbraak gezond botweefsel en vaak botbreuken
Langere bloedingstijd, blauwe plekken, anemie en hogere vatbaarheid infecties
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS
= remming proliferatie T- en B-lymfocyten door het Hiv-virus (human immunodeficiency virus) =>
verlies immunologische bescherming
CD4-cellen => belangrijk in specifieke immuunreactie; Hiv nestelt in CD4 T-helpercellen en vernietigt
ze
Verspreiding door: Verticale transmissie = geboren kinderen die besmet
Seksueel contact geraken door dat de moeder positief is (borstvoeding
Bloedtransfusies of door bevalling)
Overdracht van bloed
Moeilijk om vaccin te ontwikkelen en ontstaan van resistentie door frequente mutaties in RNA virus
=> RNA is heel gevoelig aan transcriptiefouten
Mogelijkheid op dubbele infecties
HAART = highly active anti-retroviral therapy; meerdere virostatica tegelijk toedienen
Eerste fase => klassieke virale infectie
Antistoffen tegen Hiv na 6 weken
Latere fasen => vermagering, tekens immunosuppressie; antistoffen zijn positief en de CD4
count is laag
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