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Grondrechten - hoorcolleges
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In dit document tref je de hoorcolleges aan, volledig uitgewerkt. Ik heb een 9 behaald voor het tentamen.
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2021/2022Grondrechten – hoorcolleges
TILBURG LAW SCHOOL
LISANNE DE GRAAF
Pagina 1 van 72
,Inhoudsopgave
Hoorcollege 1.1 Inleiding grondrechten.................................................................................................6
Dragers van grondrechten..................................................................................................................6
Aanspraak (recht) op….......................................................................................................................7
Werkingssfeer van grondrechten.......................................................................................................9
Rechtsbescherming van grondrechten.............................................................................................10
Rechtsbescherming van grondrechten instanties.............................................................................11
Samenvatting en omschrijving van grondrechten............................................................................11
In deze casus: het perspectief van de burger...................................................................................12
Hoorcollege 1.2 – Nederlandse grondrechten......................................................................................12
Nationale rechtsorde........................................................................................................................12
Harmonisatiewetarrest.....................................................................................................................12
Lagere regelgeving en artikel 120 Grondwet....................................................................................13
Samenvatting....................................................................................................................................14
Welke vragen stel je vanuit het perspectief van een burger bij een schending van een
rechtsbeginsel?.................................................................................................................................14
Hoorcollege 2.1 – Gelaagde rechtsorde...............................................................................................15
Gelaagde rechtsorde........................................................................................................................15
Het perspectief van de burger..........................................................................................................16
Hoorcollege 2.2 – Nationale rechter en internationale grondrechten..................................................16
Internationale rechtsorde.................................................................................................................16
Doorwerking van internationale grondrechten................................................................................16
Hoorcollege 2.3 – Internationale rechter en internationale grondrechten..........................................19
Organisatie en werkwijze EHRM.......................................................................................................19
Artikel 13 EVRM................................................................................................................................20
Artikel 35 EVRM en Salah Sheekh.....................................................................................................22
Hoorcollege 2.4 – Interpretatiemethoden EVRM.................................................................................23
Autonome interpretatie...................................................................................................................23
Originalisme......................................................................................................................................23
Dynamische interpretatie.................................................................................................................23
Originalisme of dynamische interpretatie?......................................................................................23
EHRM-arrest (Paula) Marckx............................................................................................................24
EHRM-arrest (Titina) Loizidou...........................................................................................................24
Margin of appreciation.....................................................................................................................25
Hoorcollege 3.1 – Inleiding en EU-rechter (voorrangsregel).................................................................26
Pagina 2 van 72
, EU-rechtsorde...................................................................................................................................26
Nationale rechten en HvJEU.............................................................................................................26
Voorrang van EU-recht op nationaal recht.......................................................................................27
Hoorcollege 3.2 – Bronnen van EU-grondrechten................................................................................28
Ontwikkeling van EU-grondrechten..................................................................................................28
Artikel 6 EU-Verdrag codificeert bronnen van grondrechtenbescherming in de EU.........................29
Bronnen van EU-grondrechten volgens artikel 6 EU-Verdrag...........................................................29
Hoorcollege 3.3 – EU-Grondrechtenhandvest......................................................................................29
Dragers van grondrechten in EU-Handvest?.....................................................................................29
Onderscheid rechten/beginselen EU-Grondrechtenhandvest..........................................................30
Toepassingsgebied EU-Grondrechtenhandvest................................................................................30
Hoorcollege 3.4 – Verhouding EU-recht en EVRM................................................................................31
Verhouding tussen de EU en het EVRM............................................................................................31
Toetreding EU tot EVRM...................................................................................................................33
Hoorcollege 3.5 – Beschermingsniveau EU-Grondrechtenhandvest....................................................33
Artikel 53 EU-grondrechtenhandvest...............................................................................................33
Artikel 53 EU-Grondrechtenhandvest. Arrest Melloni......................................................................33
Samenvatting: Grondrechtenbescherming in de gelaagde rechtsorde.............................................34
Hoorcollege 4.1 – Beperking van grondrechten...................................................................................35
Terminologie.....................................................................................................................................35
Wij onderscheiden bij de beperking van grondrechten….................................................................35
Absoluut geformuleerde grondrechten............................................................................................35
Duidelijk omschreven uitzonderingen..............................................................................................36
Bepalingen met een clausulering......................................................................................................37
Elementen van een beperkingsclausule...........................................................................................37
Hoorcollege 4.2 Beperkingssystematiek artikel 8-11 EVRM.................................................................38
Beperkingsclausules artikel 8-11 EVRM............................................................................................38
Beperkingsclausules artikel 8-11 EVRM: Law....................................................................................38
Beperkingsclausules artikel 8-11 EVRM: Doelcriteria.......................................................................39
Beperkingsclausules artikel 8-11 EVRM: Noodzakelijkheidstoets.....................................................39
HC 4.3 Beperkingssystematiek EU-Grondrechtenhandvest..................................................................41
Beperkingsclausule artikel 52, eerste lid, EU-Grondrechtenhandvest..............................................41
Beperkingsclausule artikel 52, derde lid, EU-Grondrechtenhandvest...............................................41
HC 4.4 Beperkingssystematiek Grondwet.............................................................................................42
Onderscheid algemene en bijzondere beperkingen Grondewet......................................................42
Beperkingssystematiek Grondwet....................................................................................................43
Pagina 3 van 72
, Competentievoorschriften bij beperkingsclausules..........................................................................43
Doelcriteria bij beperkingsclausules.................................................................................................43
Procedurevoorschriften bij sommige beperkingsclausules...............................................................44
Noodzakelijkheidstoets en de Grondwet?........................................................................................44
Beperkingssystematiek Grondwet: Voorbeeld bijzondere beperking...............................................44
Misbruik van recht: EVRM, Grondwet, EU-Handvest........................................................................45
Hoorcollege 5.1 Grondwet en positieve verplichtingen.......................................................................46
Positieve verplichtingen en de Grondwet: klassieke echten.............................................................46
Positieve verplichtingen en de Grondwet: Sociale rechten..............................................................46
Positieve verplichtingen en de Grondwet: Systeem van hoofdstuk 1...............................................47
Afdwingbaarheid positieve verplichtingen hoofdstuk 1 Grondwet?................................................47
HC 5.2 EU-Grondrechten en positieve verplichtingen..........................................................................48
EU-Grondrechtenhandvest...............................................................................................................48
HC 5.3 EVRM en positieve verplichtingen.............................................................................................50
Burger en positieve verplichtingen in het internationaal recht........................................................50
EVRM en de positieve verplichtingen...............................................................................................51
EVRM en de positieve verplichtingen...............................................................................................52
EVRM en de ‘fair balance’-toets.......................................................................................................52
Artikelen 8-11 EVRM en de positieve verplichtingen........................................................................52
Artikel 8 EVRM. Recht op eerbiediging van privé, familie- en gezinsleven.......................................53
Artikelen 2, 3 en 4 EVRM en de positieve verplichtingen.................................................................53
Artikel 2 EVRM. Recht op leven........................................................................................................54
Artikel 3 EVRM. Verbod op foltering.................................................................................................56
HC 6.1 Horizontale werking Grondwet en gelijke behandeling............................................................57
Werkingssfeer van grondrechten.....................................................................................................57
Grondwet: expliciete/impliciete verticale werkingssfeer.................................................................57
Horizontale werking volgens de tekst van de Grondwet..................................................................57
Rechterlijke erkenning van horizontale werking..............................................................................58
Horizontale werking en de Grondwet?.............................................................................................58
De rechter en de indirecte horizontale werking I..............................................................................59
De rechter en de directe horizontale werking..................................................................................59
Regeling van horizontale bescherming via wetgeving......................................................................59
Discriminatieverbod Grondwet........................................................................................................59
Gelijke behandeling Awgb................................................................................................................60
Awgb – geldgingsbereik....................................................................................................................60
Awgb – begrippen I...........................................................................................................................60
Pagina 4 van 72
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