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Samenvatting Organische Chemie & Wiskunde

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samenvatting van organische chemie en wiskunde

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  • January 17, 2022
  • 21
  • 2020/2021
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Wiskunde & chemie
Week 1: Differentiëren

Afstand op t = 4s 2
2 a = 1,2(4)
a = 1,2t
a = 19,2 m
Differentiëren


2-1
a’ = 2∙1,2t a’ = 2,4∙4
a’ = 2,4t a’ = 9,6 m/s
Snelheid op t = 4s



𝛥𝑎
Gemiddelde snelheid = 𝛥𝑡

Gemiddelde snelheid van 0 tot 4s




Da 1,2 * 42 - 1,2 * 02 19,2
= = = 4,8 m/s
Dt 4-0 4




Benadering snelheid op t=4
- Stel tijdsinterval op 0,1s : [4;4,1]
𝛥𝑎 1,2 ∗ (4,1)2 − 1,2 ∗ 42 20,2 − 19,2
= = = 9,7 m/s
𝛥𝑡 (4,1) − 4 0,1
- Interval op 0,01 = 9,6 m/s
- Stel tijdsinterval [4;4+h] h=piepklein getal (0,00001)
𝛥𝑎 1,2 ∗ (4 + ℎ)2 − 1,2 ∗ 42 9,6ℎ − 1,2ℎ2 𝑚
= = = 9,6 + 1,2ℎ 𝑧𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔 ℎ 𝑔𝑒𝑒𝑛 0 𝑖𝑠
𝛥𝑡 (4 + ℎ) − 4 ℎ 𝑠
Stel h nadert 0 Þ lim 9,6 + 1,2h = 9,6 m/s
h ®0

dit is de snelheid op t = 4 seconden grafiek (groen) en de raaklijn
(rood) zijn bijna niet meer te
Þ a' (4) = 9,6 Þ afgeleide waarde
onderscheiden
Þ helling van de raaklijn in t = 4 s

,Algemeen
Stel tijdsinte rval [t, t + h]
Da 1,2 * (t + h) 2 - 1,2 * t 2
= =
Dt (t + h) - t
2,4th + 1,2h 2
= 2,4t + 1,2h
h Lim betekent limiet dat h
lim 2,4t + 1,2h = 2,4t super klein is maar geen
h ®0

Þ a' (t ) = 2,4t Þ afgeleide van a (t ) = 1,2t 2 0

De afgeleide wordt op verschillende
manieren weergegeven :


f ' ( x)
dy
dx
dy = f ' ( x)dx

Rekenregels
f ( x) = a x Û f ' ( x ) = a x × ln a
f ( x) = e x Û f ' ( x) = e x
1
f ( x ) = a log x Û f ' ( x) =
x ln a
1
f ( x ) = ln x Û f ' ( x) =
x
Voorbeelden :
f ( x) = 3 x Û f ' ( x ) = 3 x × ln 3
f ( x ) = 2e x Û f ' ( x ) = 2e x
1
f ( x ) =10 log x Û f ' ( x) =
x ln 10
Rekenregels en standaard afgeleiden

, (c × f ( x))' = c × f ' ( x) voor elke constante


( f ( x) + g ( x))' = f ' ( x) + g ' ( x) Som of verschil

( f ( g ( x)))' = f ' ( g ( x)) × g ' ( x) Kettingregel

( f ( x) × g ( x))' = f ' ( x) × g ( x) + f ( x) × g ' ( x) Productregel

'
æ f(x) ö f ' ( x) × g ( x) - f ( x) × g ' ( x)
çç ÷÷ = Quotienregel
è g ( x) ø ( g ( x))2
Week 2
Voorbereidende video 1 → edelgasconfiguratie

Elk atoom wil een volle buitenste schil

Hoe?
1. Afstaan van atomen Na (2,8,1) ---> Na+ (2,8) + e
2. Opnemen van elektronen S (2,8,2) + 2 e- ---> S2- (2,8,8)
3. Delen van elektronen Cl + Cl ---> Cl-Cl


Video 2 → Ionen en zouten
Ionvorming
2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) → NaCl (s)

Natrium Chloor
1 elektron in de buitenste schil 1 elektron te weinig in de buitenste schil
l l
l l
ion + ion –

octetregel: de atomen van de hoofdgroepen streven naar een edelgasconfiguratie → 8
valentie elektronen

Ionen
Kation = positief geladen ion
Anion = negatief geladen ion

Ionisatie-energie: energie voor het verwijderen van 1 e- van een atoom in de gasfase
Elektron-affiniteit : energe die vrijkomt als een atoom in de gasfase 1 e- opneemt


Ionverbinding
Kenmerken:
- Kristallijn en vast

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