De beste samenvatting van de Green Belt maak jezelf. Je leer namelijk het meeste van zelf samenvatting maken. De 1-na-beste samenvatting is die van Skoledo. Dit is de officiële uitgebreide samenvatting van de e-learning Lean Six Sigma Green Belt op Skoledo. Hierin is alle theorie van de Green Bel...
,Waarom e-learning bij Skoledo
E-learnings doen bij Skoledo is Leuk! Waarom leuk? Onze e-learnings zijn actief. Je gaat vooruit
én het werkt. Het is zelfs onze missie: Effectief leren door actieve e-learning voor jou(w
organisatie).
Sinds 2020 is Skoledo de grootste Lean Six Sigma opleider van Nederland zijn. Jaarlijks leiden
wij 2.500 Yellow, Green en Black Belts op die organisaties klantgerichter, fitter, leuker,
sneller, stabieler en duurzamer maken. En jij kunt je bij Skoledo ook verder ontwikkelen op
het gebied van Lean Management, Kwaliteitsmanagement, Procesmanagement, Financieel
Management, Scrum en meer.
Het CSSC heeft onze Lean Six Sigma e-learnings geaccrediteerd. Ze voldoen aan de ISO 13053.
Onze Lean management e-learnings zijn conform ISO 18084. Tevens werken we samen met
Scrum.org en zijn we lid van de ASQ. En natuurlijk zijn onze trainers/ docenten door het CRKBO
ge-audit en geregistreerd.
Skoledo 2
,Figurenlijst
Figuur 1 Lean Management..................................................................................................... 10
Figuur 2 De pijlers van Lean ..................................................................................................... 11
Figuur 3 Push & Pull.................................................................................................................. 12
Figuur 4 Spreiding en Sigmaniveau .......................................................................................... 14
Figuur 5 DPMO-tabel ................................................................................................................ 15
Figuur 6 Sigma-tabel................................................................................................................. 15
Figuur 7 Voorbeeld berekening standaard deviatie................................................................. 16
Figuur 8 Normaalverdeling ....................................................................................................... 17
Figuur 9 Normaalverdeling ....................................................................................................... 17
Figuur 10 Normaal verdeling, Z-waarde................................................................................... 17
Figuur 11 I Chart Drive-in ......................................................................................................... 18
Figuur 12 DMAIC....................................................................................................................... 19
Figuur 13 Onderwerpen Define-fase........................................................................................ 21
Figuur 14 Project Charter ......................................................................................................... 22
Figuur 15 Nominale groepstechniek ........................................................................................ 23
Figuur 16 SIPOC ........................................................................................................................ 25
Figuur 17 VOC-CTQ ................................................................................................................... 26
Figuur 18 House of Quality ....................................................................................................... 27
Figuur 19 QFD ........................................................................................................................... 28
Figuur 20 KANO-model ............................................................................................................. 29
Figuur 21 VOB ........................................................................................................................... 29
Figuur 22 Stakeholder matrix ................................................................................................... 31
Figuur 23 Gant Chart ................................................................................................................ 32
Figuur 24 Onderwerpen Measure-fase .................................................................................... 33
Figuur 25 Datacollectieplan ...................................................................................................... 34
Figuur 26 Typen gegevens ........................................................................................................ 36
Figuur 27 VOC-CTQ flowdown .................................................................................................. 37
Figuur 28 Uitspraken doen ....................................................................................................... 38
Figuur 29 Meetfout type 1 ....................................................................................................... 40
Figuur 30 Meetfout type 2 ....................................................................................................... 40
Figuur 31 Goede reproduceerbaarheid vs Slechte reproduceerbaarheid ............................... 41
Figuur 32 Voorbeeld 1 Gage R&R ............................................................................................. 42
Figuur 33 Voorbeeld 2 Gage R&R ............................................................................................. 42
Figuur 34 Voorbeeld 3 Gage R&R ............................................................................................. 43
Figuur 35 Voorbeeld 4 Gage R&R ............................................................................................. 43
Figuur 36 Voorbeeld 1 Kappa-test ........................................................................................... 44
Figuur 37 Voorbeeld 2 Kappa-test ........................................................................................... 45
Figuur 38 Meetplan .................................................................................................................. 45
Figuur 39 Foutmarge steekproef .............................................................................................. 48
Figuur 40 Z-waarde betrouwbaarheidsniveau ......................................................................... 49
Figuur 41 Formule steekproef bij proporties ........................................................................... 51
Figuur 42 Betrouwbaarheidsinterval en Foutmarge ................................................................ 52
Figuur 43 Lean Six Sigma Maatstaven ...................................................................................... 53
Figuur 44 Cyclustijd .................................................................................................................. 54
Figuur 45 Z-waarde is nul ......................................................................................................... 55
Skoledo 3
,Figuur 46 Z-waarde is 1 ............................................................................................................ 55
Figuur 47 Z-waarde is 2 ............................................................................................................ 56
Figuur 48 DPMO, Z-waarde en Cp / Cpk................................................................................... 57
Figuur 49 Cp Minitab ................................................................................................................ 58
Figuur 50 Cp vs Cpk .................................................................................................................. 58
Figuur 51 Cpk Minitab .............................................................................................................. 59
Figuur 52 Verborgen Fabriek .................................................................................................... 60
Figuur 53 Onderwerpen Analyse-fase...................................................................................... 62
Figuur 54 Typen data & grafische visualisaties ........................................................................ 63
Figuur 55 Scheve verdeling ...................................................................................................... 63
Figuur 56 Niet normale verdeling ............................................................................................ 64
Figuur 57 Normale verdeling .................................................................................................... 64
Figuur 58 Niet-beheerst proces................................................................................................ 64
Figuur 59 Beheerst proces........................................................................................................ 64
Figuur 60 Typen regelkaarten .................................................................................................. 65
Figuur 61 I-chart ....................................................................................................................... 66
Figuur 62 I-MR Chart ................................................................................................................ 66
Figuur 63 X bar-R Chart ............................................................................................................ 67
Figuur 64 X-bar S Chart............................................................................................................. 67
Figuur 65 P-chart ...................................................................................................................... 68
Figuur 66 NP-Chart ................................................................................................................... 68
Figuur 67 U-chart...................................................................................................................... 69
Figuur 68 C-chart ...................................................................................................................... 69
Figuur 69 Histogram met normaal curve ................................................................................. 70
Figuur 70 Boxplots .................................................................................................................... 71
Figuur 71 Multi-vari chart......................................................................................................... 72
Figuur 72 Correlaties Spreidingsdiagram ................................................................................. 72
Figuur 73 Pareto-analyse.......................................................................................................... 73
Figuur 74 Future VSM ............................................................................................................... 74
Figuur 75 Spaghetti-diagram .................................................................................................... 75
Figuur 76 Flowchart .................................................................................................................. 75
Figuur 77 Het GAP-model ......................................................................................................... 76
Figuur 78 Visgraatdiagram ....................................................................................................... 77
Figuur 79 FMEA ........................................................................................................................ 78
Figuur 80 TOC ........................................................................................................................... 78
Figuur 81 Type 1 & Type 2 fout ................................................................................................ 79
Figuur 82 Eénsteeksproef T-toets ............................................................................................ 80
Figuur 83 Two Sample T-toets vs Mann Whitney .................................................................... 80
Figuur 84 Hypothese toetsen voor gemiddelden .................................................................... 81
Figuur 85 Dataset Chi Square ................................................................................................... 81
Figuur 86 Hypothese toetsen voor proporties en percentages ............................................... 82
Figuur 87 Regressie-analyse ..................................................................................................... 82
Figuur 88 Onderwerpen Improve-fase ..................................................................................... 84
Figuur 89 PICK-schema ............................................................................................................. 86
Figuur 90 Pugh conceptselectie ............................................................................................... 86
Figuur 91 Beslissingsboom ....................................................................................................... 87
Figuur 92 Bouwstenen veranderplan ....................................................................................... 88
Skoledo 4
,Figuur 93 Belanghebbenden-inventarisatiekaart .................................................................... 90
Figuur 94 Kanban ...................................................................................................................... 91
Figuur 95 Kaizen ....................................................................................................................... 92
Figuur 96 Stappen Control-fase................................................................................................ 93
Figuur 97 OCAP ......................................................................................................................... 94
Figuur 98 RACI-matrix............................................................................................................... 94
Figuur 99 Prestatiegedrag ........................................................................................................ 95
Figuur 100 Het Ui-model .......................................................................................................... 95
Figuur 101 Cultuurtyperingen .................................................................................................. 96
Skoledo 5
,Inhoudsopgave
Wat is Lean Six Sigma? .................................................................................................... 10
Wat is Lean Management? ..................................................................................................... 10
Wat is Six Sigma?.................................................................................................................... 13
DMAIC ................................................................................................................................... 19
Belts ...................................................................................................................................... 20
Define-fase ..................................................................................................................... 21
De Project Charter .................................................................................................................. 21
Het selecteren van een verbeterproject .................................................................................. 22
Nominale groepstechniek ....................................................................................................... 23
De Business Case .................................................................................................................... 23
De Probleemomschrijving ....................................................................................................... 23
Het modelleren van processen ................................................................................................ 24
SIPOC ..................................................................................................................................... 25
VOC en CTQ............................................................................................................................ 26
QFD ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Kano-model ........................................................................................................................... 28
VOB ....................................................................................................................................... 29
Doelstellingen formuleren ...................................................................................................... 30
Stakeholders .......................................................................................................................... 30
Project managen .................................................................................................................... 31
Outputs Define-fase ............................................................................................................... 32
Measure-fase .................................................................................................................. 33
Waarom data verzamelen? ..................................................................................................... 33
Wat is data? ........................................................................................................................... 34
Wat is een datacollectieplan? ................................................................................................. 34
Wat is een dataset? ................................................................................................................ 34
Typen gegevens...................................................................................................................... 35
Welke data verzamelen? ........................................................................................................ 36
Hoe data verzamelen? ............................................................................................................ 37
Statistiek ................................................................................................................................ 37
Uitspraken doen ..................................................................................................................... 38
Wat is een meetsysteem? ....................................................................................................... 38
Hoe goed is mijn meetsysteem?.............................................................................................. 39
De validiteit, betrouwbaarheid en nauwkeurigheid van een meetsysteem ............................... 39
Skoledo 6
, Wat is MSA?........................................................................................................................... 41
MSA continue data ................................................................................................................. 41
MSA categorische data ........................................................................................................... 44
Meetprocedure en Meetplan .................................................................................................. 45
Steekproef doen, een introductie............................................................................................ 46
Populatie en steekproef ......................................................................................................... 46
Representatieve steekproef .................................................................................................... 46
Invloedsfactoren steekproefomvang ....................................................................................... 47
Zekerheid: betrouwbaarheidsniveau ....................................................................................... 48
Zekerheid: foutmarge en betrouwbaarheidsinterval................................................................ 49
Steekproefformules................................................................................................................ 52
Lean Six Sigma Maatstaven..................................................................................................... 53
Doorlooptijd........................................................................................................................... 53
Takttijd .................................................................................................................................. 54
Cyclustijd ............................................................................................................................... 54
Defecten: DPMO en sigmaniveau ............................................................................................ 54
Defecten: Z-waarde ................................................................................................................ 54
Defecten: Cp / Cpk.................................................................................................................. 56
Defecten (Yield): FTY en RTY ................................................................................................... 59
Klanttevredenheid: NPS.......................................................................................................... 60
Productiviteit: OEE en PCE ...................................................................................................... 60
Outputs Measure-fase ............................................................................................................ 61
Analyse-fase ................................................................................................................... 62
Kenmerken van de dataset: normale verdeling........................................................................ 63
Is het proces statistische beheerst? ......................................................................................... 64
Regelkaarten (Control Charts) ................................................................................................. 65
Voldoet het proces aan de VOC? (Process Capability) .............................................................. 70
Procesanalyse: wat zijn de invloedsfactoren? .......................................................................... 70
Histogram .............................................................................................................................. 70
Boxplot .................................................................................................................................. 71
Multi-vari chart ...................................................................................................................... 71
Spreidingsdiagram.................................................................................................................. 72
Pareto-analyse ....................................................................................................................... 73
VSM ....................................................................................................................................... 73
7 verspillingen ........................................................................................................................ 74
Spaghetti-diagram .................................................................................................................. 75
Skoledo 7
, Flowchart ............................................................................................................................... 75
Het GAP-model ...................................................................................................................... 76
Visgraatdiagram ..................................................................................................................... 76
5xWhy ................................................................................................................................... 77
FMEA ..................................................................................................................................... 77
TOC ........................................................................................................................................ 78
Hypothesetoetsing, wat is dat? ............................................................................................... 79
Hypothesetoetsen, wanneer kun je welke toets gebruiken? .................................................... 79
Eensteeksproef T-toets ........................................................................................................... 79
Two Sample T-toets en Mann Whitney toets ........................................................................... 80
ANOVA .................................................................................................................................. 81
Chi Square.............................................................................................................................. 81
Proportietoetsen .................................................................................................................... 81
Regressie-analyse ................................................................................................................... 82
Outputs Analyse-fase ............................................................................................................. 83
Improve-fase................................................................................................................... 84
Paradigma: anders leren kijken (oplossingen bedenken).......................................................... 84
Creatieve denktechnieken van Edward de Bono (oplossingen bedenken) ................................. 85
De hoeden van de Bono (oplossingen bedenken) .................................................................... 85
PICK-schema (oplossingen selecteren) .................................................................................... 85
Pugh conceptselectie (oplossingen selecteren) ........................................................................ 86
Beslissingsboom (oplossingen selecteren) ............................................................................... 86
Design of an experiment (DOE) (oplossingen selecteren) ......................................................... 87
Van IST naar SOLL (oplossingen selecteren) ............................................................................. 87
John Kotter: Leading Change (oplossingen implementeren) ..................................................... 88
Gedoe komt er toch (oplossingen implementeren) .................................................................. 88
Weerstand (oplossingen implementeren) ............................................................................... 89
Stakeholders (oplossingen implementeren) ............................................................................ 89
5S (Lean Improve-tools) .......................................................................................................... 90
Poka Yoke (Lean Improve-tools).............................................................................................. 90
SMED (Lean Improve-tools) .................................................................................................... 90
Kanban (Lean Improve-tools) .................................................................................................. 91
Kaizen (Lean Improve-tools) ................................................................................................... 91
Outputs Improve-fase............................................................................................................. 92
Control-fase .................................................................................................................... 93
Beheers tools ......................................................................................................................... 93
, Wat is Lean Six Sigma?
Lean Six Sigma is een procesverbetermethode in smalle zin, en een organisatiefilosofie in
brede zin. Een proces is een samenstel van samenhangende activiteiten die input
transformeren tot output onder meer door inzet van middelen, mensen, materieel en
methoden. Kenmerken van een proces zijn:
• Bestaat uit een serie opeenvolgende activiteiten;
• Heeft een duidelijk begin en einde;
• Heeft input en output;
• Voegt waarde toe.
Lean Six Sigma is een samenstelling van twee begrippen, namelijk; Lean en Six Sigma.
Wat is Lean Management?
Met behulp van Lean Management kan je waarde voor de klant vermeerderen en de
waardestroom verbeteren. Lean wordt vaak gecombineerd met Six Sigma. Lean focust meer
op doorlooptijd (flow) en efficiency (verspilling reduceren). Six Sigma richt zich meer op
variatie reduceren (kwaliteit) en betrouwbaarheid. De letterlijke betekenis van het woord
‘Lean’ is ‘slank’ of ‘fit’. Middels de Lean-methodiek kun je bedrijfsprocessen steeds fitter
maken.
Bij Lean Management staat het creëren van waarde voor de klant centraal. Zorg dat je weet
wat waarde is en kijk vervolgens kritisch naar de waardestroom, oftewel het proces. Zorg dat
er geen verspillingen in het proces zitten, elke stap moet waarde toevoegen. Klantvragen
moeten in een flow worden afgehandeld. Om flow te creëren moet je de werklast goed
managen. Hierbij wordt een goede planning gehanteerd waarbij de klantvraag leidend is. Dit
wordt ook wel PULL genoemd. Bij Lean Management staat tevens continu verbeteren
centraal. Je kunt steeds meer waarde creëren door een waardestroom met steeds minder
verspilling en steeds meer flow.
Figuur 1 Lean Management
Vanuit de Lean filosofie zijn veel praktische technieken en tools ontwikkeld om het proces te
‘leanen’, zoals:
• Het visgraatdiagram;
Skoledo 10
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