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Summary British Culture: History
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In this document, you will find out the full history of the UK. Everything you need to know for your exam.
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Alba Casado VallarinoBritish Culture
History
Prehistory and the Celts
- Human habitation 800,000 BC
- Britain becomes island 6,000 – 5,000 BC
- Neolithic people1 (barrows2 & henges3) 3,000 BC
- Beaker people 2,400 BC
Stone henge = still WHY was it built?
Some stoned were dragged 25km to that specific place, others come from Wales how??
Beaker people built it, not druids!
- Takeover/arrival of Celts 700 BC:
Better in tribal and agriculture dominance
Druids ‘future tellers’ after stone henge (still no link between the 2)
Bards = entertainers
Art: they left jewellery with particular designs (Celtic cross)
The Romans
- Julius Caesar came to Britain 55 BC
- Went up to Thames 54 BC
- Gradual cultural change from the inside
Ex. Took sons of important ppl hostage, educated with roman culture and send back to
UK = hope of spreading roman culture
- Claudius tries to incorporate Britannia 43 AD
- Resistance of Boadicea
British folk hero
Queen of British Iceni, led uprising against Roman Empire = failed
Statue wrong, shouldn’t be on Roman horse carriage
- Romans fail to conquer Caledonia (Scotland)
Emperor Hadrian ordered ‘Hadrian’s Wall’ protects from
Caledonians
- First attacks by Scottish Rome brought:
Celts collapse Roman
Modern government (tribes were organized)
Empire
Written language
- 409 AD: Romans out
Calendar
Infrastructure (paved roads, cities, villas, baths,..) travelled easy
and quickly
Names in -chester/-cester/-caster roman ‘castra’ = fort, camp
1
First new people, from the Stone age
2
a.k.a. burrows = tombs
3
Circle of stone or wood
, Alba Casado Vallarino
The (Anglo-)Saxons
Romans left need of ‘power’ Saxons filled that position
- Invasions:
Saxons: south (Sussex, Essex, Wessex)
Angels: east + north (England)
Jutes: Kent (= smallest tribe, not that important)
- Celts driven west and north
- ‘Legend of King Arthur’ no evidence of existence
Prob. Based on numerous people
He would be a celt fighting WITH Saxons/English
- Augustine spreads Christianity (end of 6th C.) spreads very quickly
- Invasions by Vikings and Danes (end 8th C.) = Scandinavians
- King Egbert: confederation (early 9th C.)
- King Alfred and the Danelaw
- Edgar reunites England (10th C.)
- Ethelred ‘the Unready’ pays off the Vikings: Danegeld
- Cnut (Canute): England under Scandinavian control
- Danes/Vikings and Anglo-Saxons live together
- Edward ‘the Confessor’
Old English
- English developed from Ingveonic dialects
- Old English late 9th C.
- Bede: Ecclesiastical History Examples:
- Anglo-Saxon Chronicles = writing down - Prepositions: on, in, to, into, by, with
events that occurred - Articles/pronouns: the, a, you, he, I, me, that, which
- Placenames: - Verbs: is, was, are, have, can, make, like, write, come
‘-ing’ = the people of - Nouns: word, time, people, water, day, oil
‘-ton’ = village - Others; not, as, or, and, so, no, if, one, two
‘-ham’ = farm
- 96/100 modern English words come from Old English
1066
- Edward ‘the Confessor’ dies no obvious successor
Harald Hardraada: related to previous king
Edgar atheling: 14y, very sick quickly ruled out
Duke of Normandy William and Harold Godwinson
- Closest to Edward Harold Godwinson crowns himself
- September: Viking king Harald attacks from north battle of Stanford bridge = Harold won
- William attacks from south Harold directly heads to south (tired army)
- Battle of Hastings = Harold killed
- William ‘the Conqueror’ crowned king Important invasion because:
(25/12/1066 in Westminster)
1. Last successful hostile invasion in England
2. Society changes introduction of feudal system
3. French language dominates English blown away
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