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Summary SEM 1 Literature in English

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  • January 18, 2022
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  • 2021/2022
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By: astridcoucke1 • 2 year ago

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Literature in English: Older
Period
Middle Ages (5th C – ca. 1485):

 Begins: collapse of Roman Empire and Anglo-Saxon Conquest
 Ends: Early Modern Period (introduction of moveable type)

The Middle Ages literature consist in three parts:

1. Old English or Anglo-Saxon literature
2. Anglo- Norman literature
3. Middle English literature

“Medieval” – “Middle Ages”:

 In between Classical period and Renaissance
 Previously seen as “Dark Ages”
 BUT the accuracy of this label is now seriously contested


1. Old English Literature (5th - 11th C)

1.1 Socio-Historical context: Anglo-Saxon Period

ANGLO – SAXON PERIOD (450 – 1100):

 “a hybrid culture”: an Anglo-Celtic-Roman culture

400 BC Migration of Celts to Britain & Ireland
54 BC – 410 AD Roman occupation of England
± 450 – 700 AD Anglo-Saxon conquest


 Main Events 5th – 7th C:
o 450 – 700 AD: Anglo-Saxon conquest
o 597: St. Augustine’s Mission
(Christianisation)
o 7th C: larger kingdoms of Northumbria,
Mercia & Wessex with different dialects
o Late 8th C: Danish invasions
o Late 9th C: King Alfred The Great defeats
Danes

,ANGLO – SAXON SOCIETY:

 Warrior culture
o Battle & war
o Honour & heroism, duty to one’s lord, vengeance
o Fate

 Warrior culture increasingly in conflict with Christian influences
o Great literature: “conflicting and contradictory impulses in a
culture”

1.2 Overview of Anglo-Saxon or Old English Literature

OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE: OVERVIEW:

 Mainly oral
 Influenced by oral Germanic tradition and written by Christian
tradition
 Prose: in Latin and Old English
 Poetry: heroic, elegiac, religious & battle poems

PROSE AND POETRY DEFINITIONS:

PROSE POETRY
- Without sustained rhythmic
regularity
- Rhythm
- Not merely a listing of ideas
- Compactness
- Characterized by style
- Concreteness
- Achieve variety oof
expression through varied
diction

PROSE IN ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD:

 Latin: Bede (+/- 673-735)
 English: King Alfred the Great of Wessex orders
o Translations
o Compilation of The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
à Encouraged development of a national culture in the
English
à Established English as a literary language


OLD ENGLISH POETRY:
 Orally transmitted
 30.000 lines survived
 Thematic interest: warrior culture

,  Tone: sombre, sense of doom
 Formal features: alliterative verse and kenning

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