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How to detect a virus
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Lecture notes on How to detect a virus
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z07CK-4JoFohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5zi2P4lggw
What does SARS-CoV-2 qPCR tests detect? Viral RNA.
Reverse Transcription uses RNA as a template.
The SARS-CoV-2 genome is RNA.
Diagnostic qPCR test for SARS-CoV-2 detect viral sequences including:
- N gene (nucleocapsid)
- S gene (spike)
- O gene (Orf1a/b)
What does a positive SARS-CoV-2 qPCR test tell you?
- Viral RNA has been detected
- Individual is infected
- Individual might still be infectious
What does a negative SARS-CoV-2 qPCR test tell you?
- There was no detectable viral RNA in the sample
A positive control tells you if your assay can detect positive samples.
Good experimental/assay design is crucial:
- True positive
- False positive
- True negative
- False negative
Lateral Flow immunoassays
- Detect antibodies, proteins
- Similar to ELISA
A positive Lateral Flow antigen test result tells you:
- The test detected viral antigen
- The individual tested is/was infected
- The individual might still be infectious
A negative Lateral Flow antigen test result tells you:
- The test did not detect viral antigen in the sample
A test for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies tells us if someone is likely to have been exposed to the virus
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