Aantekeningen van alle colleges met een opsomming van alle stromingen en een tijdlijn. (De besproken/te leren projecten staan hier niet in, deze zijn te vinden in de factsheets van Moderne architectuur)
MAR
College 1 – 1850-1900 ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Industriële revolutie; volkshuisvesting en woningwet ..................................................................................... 3
19e eeuw ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
Fabrieksdorpen .............................................................................................................................................. 3
De woningwet ................................................................................................................................................ 3
19e-eeuwse neostijlen ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Ingenieursbouwkunst ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Art Nouveau ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
College 2 – 1900-1920 ...................................................................................................................................... 6
Berlage ................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Koopmansbeurs ............................................................................................................................................. 6
Berlage ........................................................................................................................................................... 6
Amsterdamse school 1910 - 1923 ...................................................................................................................... 6
Uitbreidingsplan Amsterdam Zuid ................................................................................................................ 6
Kenmerken Amsterdamse school ................................................................................................................. 7
De Stijl ................................................................................................................................................................ 7
De Stijl evenals de Amsterdamse school: ..................................................................................................... 7
De Stijl evenals Berlage ................................................................................................................................. 7
De Stijl ............................................................................................................................................................ 8
College 3 – 1920-1945 ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Bauhaus .............................................................................................................................................................. 9
Kenmerken van het Bauhaus ........................................................................................................................ 9
Het nieuwe bouwen ......................................................................................................................................... 10
Uit het beginmanifest van de 8 ................................................................................................................... 10
Nieuwe bouwen/nieuwe zakelijkheid/functionalisme .............................................................................. 10
Traditionalisme ................................................................................................................................................ 10
W. M. Dudok ................................................................................................................................................ 11
CIAM 1928 – 1959 ............................................................................................................................................ 11
Verklaring van La Sarraz .............................................................................................................................. 11
CIAM congres .......................................................................................... Fout! Bladwijzer niet gedefinieerd.
Sybold van Ravensteyn ................................................................................................................................ 11
College 4 – 1945-1980 De wederopbouw ....................................................................................................... 12
Wederopbouw ................................................................................................................................................. 12
Rationalisatie van de bouw ......................................................................................................................... 13
Wederopbouw ............................................................................................................................................. 13
1
, Bijlmer .......................................................................................................................................................... 13
Structuralisme .................................................................................................................................................. 14
Aldo van Eyck ............................................................................................................................................... 14
Herman Hertzberger .................................................................................................................................... 14
Open bouwen .............................................................................................................................................. 15
Stadsvernieuwing ............................................................................................................................................. 15
College 5 – 1975-1995 .................................................................................................................................... 16
Neorationalisme ............................................................................................................................................... 16
Weber........................................................................................................................................................... 16
Verklaring van La Sarraz .............................................................................................................................. 16
High-Tech.......................................................................................................................................................... 16
Benthem & Crouwel .................................................................................................................................... 17
Eerste lichting TU/e .......................................................................................................................................... 17
Jo Coenen ..................................................................................................................................................... 17
Stedenbouw jaren ‘80.................................................................................................................................. 17
Neomodernisme .............................................................................................................................................. 17
TU Delft ........................................................................................................................................................ 18
Collage architectuur ......................................................................................................................................... 18
OMA/Rem Koolhaas ........................................................................................................................................ 18
Delirious New York ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Rem Koolhaas .............................................................................................................................................. 19
Fascinatie ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
College 6 – 1995-nu ........................................................................................................................................ 20
Superdutch (Supermodernisme) ..................................................................................................................... 20
Thema Expo 2000......................................................................................................................................... 20
BLOB Architecture ............................................................................................................................................ 20
Bouwopgaven in de jaren ’90 en ‘00 ........................................................................................................... 20
Terugtrekkende overheid ............................................................................................................................ 20
Neotraditionalisme .......................................................................................................................................... 21
Crisis ................................................................................................................................................................. 21
Economische crisis ....................................................................................................................................... 21
Transformatie .............................................................................................................................................. 21
Architectuur 3.0 ........................................................................................................................................... 21
Terugtrekkende overheid ............................................................................................................................ 21
Wat nu? ............................................................................................................................................................ 21
Panorama Nederland................................................................................................................................... 22
College 7 – Responsiecollege/samenvatting ................................................................................................... 23
Stromingen ....................................................................................................................................................... 23
Tijdlijn ............................................................................................................................................................ 29
2
, College 1 – 1850-1900
Industriële revolutie; volkshuisvesting en woningwet
Begint in 1800 in Engeland en waait over naar de rest van Europa rond 1850. Veel trek naar de stad.
Ontwikkelingen 19e eeuw in:
• Energie • Transport
o Stoommachine o Trein
o Batterij o Zeppelin
o Gloeilamp • Beeldreproductie
• Wetenschap o Fotografie
o Röntgenfoto o Film
o Periodiek systeem
• Communicatie
o Grammofoon
o Typmachine
o Telefoon
19e eeuw
Opkomst van industriële maatschappij
• Verstedelijking tussen 1869 – 1899
o 1850: 3 miljoen inwoners
o 1900: 5 miljoen inwoners
Volkshuisvesting is geen overheidstaak, aandacht niet bij verbetering levensomstandigheden.
Aandacht lag wel bij onderwijs en opvoeding van moraal en zeden.
• 1848: cholera-epidemie Amsterdam (3000) doden
• Medici brengen epidemieën in verband met de woonellende
• 1851: Op de wereldtentoonstelling worden modelwoningen ontworpen als
verbeterde huisvesting.
• 1852: Eerste Nederlandse woningbouwvereniging
o Belangrijk: reinheid, zindelijkheid, huiselijkheid en zedelijk.
• 1854: verslag aan den Koning over de vereischten en inrigting van
arbeiderswoningen
Een woning moet bevatten:
o Grote ramen en goede ventilatie
o Woonkamer met kachel waarop gekookt kan worden
o Aparte keuken, en slaapkamers voor ouders en kinderen
• 1901: woningwet gecombineerd met de gezondheidswet
1900: Van de 5 miljoen Nederlanders leven er 1 miljoen in krotten
Fabrieksdorpen
Verlichte industriëlen en fabrikanten stichten wijken of dorpen voor hun arbeiders
Huisvesting voor arbeiders:
• Betere arbeidskracht (minder ziek = meer productie
• Tegenaan sociale onrust
• Gericht opvoed controleren en disciplineren (bij slecht gedrag geen huis)
De woningwet
1e wet waarin de rol van de overheid in de volkshuisvesting geregeld.
3
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