Exam (elaborations)
BIO 212 – Exam 3
- Course
- Institution
Exam of 55 pages for the course BIO 212 – Exam 3 at BIO 212 – Exam 3 (BIO 212 – Exam 3)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
maggieobita
Reviews received
Content preview
BIO 212 – Exam 3Bio 212 Course Notes – Exam 3
Ch 30-34 – Cardiovascular Disorders—6/11 & on
Ch 36-37 – Respiratory Disorders—6/25 & 6/27
*Exam open 6/28-7/2*
• Arteries, away.
• Venules veins.
o Thinner walls, lumen = bigger.
Ch 30 – Disorders of Blood Flow in the Systemic Circuit
***Review Ch 29 and pgs 739-741 if
needed Disorders of Arterial Circulation
Diseases of the arterial system cause impaired blood flow. The effect of the impaired blood
flow depends on the structures involved and extent of the altered flow.
• Ischemia – reduction in arterial flow to a level that does not meet the oxygen
demands for a tissue
• Infarction – an area of ischemic necrosis in an organ
Hyperlipidemia
• A state of elevated lipids in the blood that is associated with increased risk
of atherosclerosis and its associated risks of heart attack and stroke
o Elevated lipids… hyperlipidemia.
▪ Decrease lipids to get better.
▪ Apoproteins throughout this structure
• Lipoproteins
o Core of triglycerides and cholesterol surrounded by phospholipids and
apoproteins which dictate the interactions and metabolic fate of the
lipoprotein
o 4 types
▪ Chylomicrons – 80-90% triglycerides, 2% protein
• Largest, synthesized in the small intestine
• Transport dietary triglycerides and cholesterol that are
absorbed through the GI tract
• Triglycerides are transferred to adipose and skeletal muscle cells
• Cholesterol is taken up by the liver which synthesizes into VLDL
or secretes it with bile
, BIO 212 – Exam 3
▪ VLDL – very low density lipoproteins
• 55-65% triglycerides, 10% cholesterol, 5-10% protein
, BIO 212 – Exam 3
• Synthesized in the liver
• Transport endogenous triglycerides produced by the liver to
adipose and skeletal muscle cells
• Then form IDL which are transported back to the liver and
recycled into VLDL or converted to LDL
• Primary energy source during fasting
▪ LDL – low density lipoproteins
• 10% triglycerides, 50% cholesterol, 25% protein
• Synthesized in the blood
• Main cholesterol carrier, “bad cholesterol”
• Two pathways of removal
o Receptor dependent
o Scavenger
▪ HDL – high density lipoproteins
• 5% triglycerides, 20% cholesterol, 50% protein
• Synthesized in the liver
• “Good cholesterol”
• Transport cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver
• Etiologies: multifactorial, genetics, nutrition, lifestyle, other diseases, medications
o Primary hypercholesterolemia – independent of other diseases or health
problems
▪ Strong genetic component
▪ Ex: familial hypercholesterolemia type 2A – deficient LDL receptors
o Secondary hypercholesterolemia – associated with other disease or lifestyle
▪ Strong lifestyle component – poor diet, lack of exercise
▪ Other diseases: Type II diabetes mellitus, metabolic
syndrome, hypothyroidism
• Diagnosis
o Fasting lipoprotein profile which measures LDL, HDL triglycerides and total
cholesterol
o Total cholesterol > 200 mg/dL or HDL < 40 mg/dL – follow up profile
• Treatment
o 1st - Lifestyle changes – increased exercise, changes to diet, lose weight, stop
smoking
o 2nd - Drugs to lower lipoproteins
, BIO 212 – Exam 3
• Almost always many lifestyle choices… especially Americans! Woohoo!
o First treatment should be change ur life!
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller maggieobita. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
74735 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now