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Samenvatting Fysiologie CNA leerjaar 2
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Samenvatting studieboek Fysiologie van Marieke van der Burgt, Wim Burgerhout - ISBN: 9789036817752, Druk: 8, Uitgavejaar: -
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InhoudCentraal en perifeer zenuwstelsel..........................................................................................................4
Perifere zenuwen...............................................................................................................................5
Waar liggen cellichamen van neuronen.............................................................................................5
Afferent/efferent................................................................................................................................5
Transport van prikkels in het centrale zenuwstelsel...........................................................................5
Motorisch en sensorisch systeem.......................................................................................................5
Sensoriek en sensibiliteit....................................................................................................................6
Animaal zenuwstelsel.........................................................................................................................6
Vegetatief zenuwstelsel......................................................................................................................6
Modellen van het zenuwstelsel..............................................................................................................6
Reflexmodel........................................................................................................................................6
Kabels- en banen model.....................................................................................................................6
Hiërarchisch of fylogenetisch model..................................................................................................7
Archiniveau.........................................................................................................................................7
Paleoniveau........................................................................................................................................7
Neoniveau..........................................................................................................................................7
banen..................................................................................................................................................7
Functionele anatomie.........................................................................................................................8
Anatomische begrippen......................................................................................................................8
Hard vlies (dua mater)........................................................................................................................8
Zacht vlies (pia mater)........................................................................................................................8
Spinnenwebvlies (arachnoidea)..........................................................................................................8
Liquor.................................................................................................................................................8
Ruggenmerg...........................................................................................................................................9
Grijze stof...........................................................................................................................................9
Spinale zenuwen...............................................................................................................................10
Witte stof..........................................................................................................................................10
Hersenstam......................................................................................................................................11
Hersenzenuwen................................................................................................................................11
Regelcentra.......................................................................................................................................11
Cerebellum.......................................................................................................................................12
Diëncefalon.......................................................................................................................................12
Thalamus..........................................................................................................................................12
Subthalamus.....................................................................................................................................12
, Hypothalamus..................................................................................................................................13
Telencefalon.....................................................................................................................................13
Functies............................................................................................................................................13
Witte stof..........................................................................................................................................13
7.1.........................................................................................................................................................14
Adequate prikkel..............................................................................................................................14
Adaptievermogen.............................................................................................................................14
Werkterrein......................................................................................................................................14
Exteroceptie.....................................................................................................................................15
Proprioceptie....................................................................................................................................15
De spierspoel....................................................................................................................................15
Bouw.................................................................................................................................................15
Afferente innervatie.........................................................................................................................15
Werking spierspoel tijdens passieve lengteverandering van de spier..............................................15
Efferente innervatie..........................................................................................................................16
Werking van spierspoel tijdens contractie van de spier...................................................................16
Pees- en gewrichtssensoren.............................................................................................................16
Peessensoren....................................................................................................................................16
Somatosensoriek en sensibiliteit......................................................................................................17
Stereognosie.....................................................................................................................................17
Vitale en gnostische sensibiliteit.......................................................................................................17
Het ruggenmerg als intermediair......................................................................................................17
Perifere motorische neuronen.........................................................................................................17
Achterwortel.....................................................................................................................................17
Sensorische banen naar de hersenen...............................................................................................18
Sensorische innervatie van het aanzicht...........................................................................................18
Sensorische projectievelden in de hersenen....................................................................................18
Bewustwording van sensorische signalen........................................................................................18
Sensorische banen naar andere hersengebieden.............................................................................19
Schakeling op ruggenmergniveau.....................................................................................................19
Motorische banen............................................................................................................................19
Sensomotorische integratie..................................................................................................................19
Reflexen............................................................................................................................................19
Archiniveau.......................................................................................................................................20
De myotatische reflex.......................................................................................................................20
De reflexboog...................................................................................................................................20
, Fasische reflexactiviteit....................................................................................................................20
Functie fasische reflexactiviteit........................................................................................................20
Tonische reflexactiviteit....................................................................................................................21
Peesreflex.........................................................................................................................................21
Myotatische reflex versus peesreflex...............................................................................................21
Reflexboog........................................................................................................................................21
De gekruiste strekreflex....................................................................................................................21
De positieve steunreflex...................................................................................................................22
Labyrintreflexen...............................................................................................................................22
Reflexboog........................................................................................................................................22
Tonische nekreflexen........................................................................................................................22
Paleoniveau......................................................................................................................................22
Automatische motoriek....................................................................................................................22
Basale kernen...................................................................................................................................23
Paleocerebellum...............................................................................................................................24
Emotionele motoriek........................................................................................................................24
Neoniveau............................................................................................................................................24
Willekeurige bewegingen.................................................................................................................24
Basistonus, faciliteren en inhiberen.................................................................................................25
Opstijgende banen...........................................................................................................................26
Afdalende banen..............................................................................................................................26
Biologische klok en circadiaanse ritmen...........................................................................................26
Slapen...................................................................................................................................................27
Veranderingen slaap-waakritme......................................................................................................27
9.4.1......................................................................................................................................................28
Limbisch systeem..................................................................................................................................28
Emoties en gedrag............................................................................................................................28
Leren.................................................................................................................................................28
Plasticiteit en leren...............................................................................................................................28
Leren.................................................................................................................................................29
Conditionering..................................................................................................................................29
Klassieke conditionering...................................................................................................................29
Operante conditionering..................................................................................................................29
Synaptische plasticiteit.....................................................................................................................29
Potentiatie en depressie...................................................................................................................30
Geheugen en motorisch leren..............................................................................................................30
, Geheugen.........................................................................................................................................30
Informatie opslaan...........................................................................................................................31
Hersengebieden en leren.................................................................................................................31
Fasen van motorisch leren................................................................................................................31
Expliciet en impliciet leren................................................................................................................31
Hersengebieden en motorisch leren................................................................................................31
Het cognitieve niveau...........................................................................................................................32
Hersenschors en hogere functies.....................................................................................................32
Structuur van de hersenschors.............................................................................................................32
Lokalisatie van de functies....................................................................................................................33
Sensibele homunculus......................................................................................................................33
Projectie van andere sensorische modaliteiten................................................................................33
Primaire, secundaire en tertiaire schorsgebieden............................................................................33
Motoriek...........................................................................................................................................34
Secundaire en tertiaire motorische schors.......................................................................................34
Executieve functies...........................................................................................................................34
Lateralisatie van functies en hemisfeerdominantie..........................................................................35
Linker hemisfeer...............................................................................................................................35
Andere functies................................................................................................................................35
Rechterhemisfeer.............................................................................................................................35
Ander functies in de rechterhemisfeer.............................................................................................36
Fysiologie samenvatting toets K2
6.2structuren en functies
Centraal en perifeer zenuwstelsel
Centraal zenuwstelsel bestaat uit hersenen en het ruggenmerg. Beide zijn goed
beschermd door de botten. De hersenen gaan in het ruggenmerg over bij de overgang
van schedel naar halswervels, ter hoogte van het
achterhoofdsgat van de schedel. De buitenste laag van
de hersenen heet het hersenschors (cortex cerebri).
Daarin liggen vooral cellichamen van neuronen. Die
geven de schors in een dood lichaam een grijze kleur.
Vandaar de naam grijze stof.
De binnzijde van de hersenen bevat grotendeels de
uitlopers van neuronen. Door de myeline om de axonen
zien die vezels wit: witte stof.
Het perifere zenuwstelsel omvat de onderdelen van het
zenuwstelsel die buiten de schedel en wervels liggen:
hersenzenuwen en ruggenmerg of spinale zenuwen.
Deze zenuwen verbinden de periferie met het centrale
zenuwstelsel.
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