Chastisement of children – Comparative approach
You are working for an international organisation that promotes children’s rights. You have recently received many queries from parents about whether or not they are still allowed to chastise their children after the recent South African Consti...
current position in south africa regarding chastisement of children
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University of South Africa (Unisa)
LME3701 - Legal Research Methodology (LME3701)
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CHASTISEMENT OF CHILDREN BY THEIR PARENTS: LEGALITY AND CONSTITUTIONALITY THEREOF IN
SOUTH AFRICA
By
ADD YOUR FULL NAMES HERE
(STUDENT NUMBER)
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
LLB
In the
SCHOOL OF LAW
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA
SUPERVISOR:
(ASSIGNMENT NUMBER 03)
2022
ACADEMIC HONESTY DECLARATION
,1. I understand what academic dishonesty entails and am aware of Unisa’s
policies in this regard.
2. I declare that this assignment is my own, original work. Where I have used someone
else’s work, I have indicated this by using the prescribed style of referencing. Every
contribution to, and quotation in, this assignment from the work or works of other people
has been referenced according to the prescribed style.
3. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of
passing it off as his or her own work.
4. I did not make use of another student’s work and submit it as my own.
NAME: ……………………………………………………………………………………...
SIGNATURE: ……………………………………………………………………………...
STUDENT NUMBER: ……………………………………………………………………..
MODULE CODE: ...............................................................................................
DATE: ……………………………………………………………………………………....
RESEARCH THEME SELECTED: ………………………………………………………
MARK RECEIVED FOR ASSIGNMENT 01: …………………………………………..
MARK RECEIVED FOR ASSIGNMENT 02: …………………………………………...
,Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction. ........................................................................................... 4
1.1 Research question(s) ..................................................................................................................... 6
1.2 Significance of the study ............................................................................................................... 9
1.3 Proposed methodology............................................................................................................... 10
1.4 Delineations of the study and limitations ................................................................................... 10
Chapter 2: South African legal position on corporal punishment ..................... 11
2.1 Overview of the legal status of corporal punishment of children in South Africa ..................... 11
2.1.1 Justice system ...................................................................................................................... 11
2.1.2 Schools ................................................................................................................................. 13
2.1.3 Alternative Care ................................................................................................................... 16
2.1.4 Home .................................................................................................................................... 17
2.2 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 20
Chapter 3: Applicable international human rights instruments ......................... 21
3.1 Analysis of South African case law on the application of international human rights
instruments ....................................................................................................................................... 21
3.2 The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child ........................................................ 24
3.2.1 General Comment No. 8: The Right of the Child to Protection from Corporal Punishment
and Other Cruel or Degrading Forms of Punishment ................................................................... 25
ϯ͘Ϯ͘Ϯ^ŽƵƚŚĨƌŝĐĂ͛ƐƐƚĂƚĞƉĂƌƚLJƌĞƉŽƌƚƚŽƚŚĞhEŽŵŵŝƚƚĞĞŽŶƚŚĞZŝŐŚƚƐŽĨƚŚĞŚŝůĚ ............ 25
3.3 The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child ...................................................... 28
3.4 The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ............................................................ 29
3.5 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ............................................................................... 30
3.6 The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. ....................................... 31
3.7 Universal Periodic Review ........................................................................................................... 32
3.8 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 32
Chapter 4: Foreign law and foreign case law. ..................................................... 34
4.1 Canada: Canadian Foundation for Children, Youth and the Law v Canada (Attorney General)
2004 SCC 4 ........................................................................................................................................ 34
4.2 Israel: Plonit v Attorney General 54 (1) PD 145 (Criminal Appeal 4596/98)............................... 38
4.3 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 42
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FKDVWLVHPHQWGHIHQFH´ .......................................................................................... 45
5.1 Analysis of the common law defence of reasonable and moderate chastisement .................... 45
2
, 5.2 Identification and interpretation of the rights contained in the Bill of Rights that are affected
by the common law defence. ........................................................................................................... 47
5.2.1 Section 9: Equality ................................................................................................................ 48
5.2.2 Section 10: Human Dignity................................................................................................... 51
5.2.3 Section 12: Freedom and security of the person ................................................................. 54
5.2.4 Section Ϯϴ͗ŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐƐƉĞĐŝĨŝĐƌŝŐŚƚƐ ................................................................................... 56
5.3 Analysis of the rights affected by the reasonable and moderate chastisement defence in light
of the limitation clause contained in section 36 of the Bill of Rights. .............................................. 59
5.3.1 Law of general application ................................................................................................... 60
5.3.2 Section36(1)(a): Nature of the rights infringed ................................................................... 61
5.3.3 Section36(1)(b): The importance of the purpose of the limitation ..................................... 62
5.3.4 Section 36(1)(c): The nature and extent of the limitation ................................................... 63
5.3.5 Section 36(1)(d): The relationship between the limitation and its purpose........................ 64
5.4 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 67
Chapter 6: Conclusion: The potential success of a Constitutional Court
challenge................................................................................................................. 70
Bibliography ........................................................................................................... 72
3
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