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Samenvatting Verpleegkundige modellen en theorieën
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Verpleegkundige modellen en theorieënOpzoek naar de definitie van verpleegkunde.........................................................................................5
Historie...............................................................................................................................................5
Na WO II.........................................................................................................................................5
Jaren 60..........................................................................................................................................5
Heden.............................................................................................................................................5
Verpleegkunde volgens de wettelijke reglementering.......................................................................5
Functies..........................................................................................................................................5
A-functie.................................................................................................................................................5
B1- functie..............................................................................................................................................5
B2-functie...............................................................................................................................................6
C-functie.................................................................................................................................................6
Van verpleging naar verpleegkunde.......................................................................................................6
Kenmerken van professionalisering....................................................................................................6
Professionalisering..........................................................................................................................6
Kenmerken.....................................................................................................................................6
Ontstaan van verplegingswetenschap................................................................................................6
Belang van verplegingswetenschap....................................................................................................6
Profilering va de verpleegkunde.........................................................................................................7
Relatie tussen theorie en praktijk.......................................................................................................7
Kloof tussen theorie en praktijk......................................................................................................7
Theorievorming......................................................................................................................................7
Gemeenschappelijk doel........................................................................................................................7
Praktijkvoering........................................................................................................................................7
Theorie...................................................................................................................................................7
Verpleegkunde.......................................................................................................................................7
Generische en specifieke kennis.........................................................................................................7
Generisch................................................................................................................................................7
Specifiek.................................................................................................................................................8
Evolutie in de sector van de gezondheidszorg........................................................................................8
Veranderingen in de samenleving......................................................................................................8
Hoger opleidingsniveau en meer verantwoordelijkheid voor eigen gezondheid: de bevolking
kent:...............................................................................................................................................8
Eis tot en accent op kwaliteit..........................................................................................................8
ISO (= international standardization organisation).................................................................................8
,Consumenten organisaties.....................................................................................................................8
Socio-economische realiteit...........................................................................................................8
Uitgaven stijgen......................................................................................................................................8
OESO.......................................................................................................................................................9
Schaarste van middelen en mankracht...................................................................................................9
Gevolgen................................................................................................................................................9
Evolutie in het denken over gezondheid........................................................................................9
Algemene gevolgen................................................................................................................................9
Gevolgen verpleegkundige.....................................................................................................................9
Toenemend aantal buitenlandse patiënten/migranten..................................................................9
Gevolgen................................................................................................................................................9
Veroudering en ontgroening van de bevolking...............................................................................9
Gevolgen..............................................................................................................................................10
Evolutie binnen de medische wetenschap.......................................................................................10
Levensverwachting en kwaliteit van het leven.............................................................................10
Gevolgen..............................................................................................................................................10
Grote nadruk op technologie (medisch-technische en invasieve diensten).................................10
Gevolgen..............................................................................................................................................10
Toenemend gebruik van informatica............................................................................................10
Gevolgen..............................................................................................................................................10
Organisatie van gezondheidsvoorzieningen.........................................................................................11
Preventief, curatief en palliatief.......................................................................................................11
Preventief.....................................................................................................................................11
Curatief.........................................................................................................................................11
Palliatief........................................................................................................................................11
Plaats................................................................................................................................................11
Intramuraal...................................................................................................................................11
Extramuraal..................................................................................................................................11
Transmuraal..................................................................................................................................11
Echelonering.....................................................................................................................................11
Doel..............................................................................................................................................11
Kenmerken...................................................................................................................................12
Nuldelijnszorg...............................................................................................................................12
Eerstelijnszorg..............................................................................................................................12
Tweedelijnszorg............................................................................................................................12
Derdelijnszorg...............................................................................................................................12
, Vierdelijnszorg..............................................................................................................................12
Werkomgeving verpleegkundige.....................................................................................................13
Visie......................................................................................................................................................13
Begrippen visie.................................................................................................................................13
Mensvisies........................................................................................................................................13
Algemeen: holistische en reductionistische visie..........................................................................13
Individuele mensvisie wordt bepaald door...................................................................................14
Een mensvisie voor verpleegkunde..............................................................................................14
Reductionistische mensvisie, reductionisme en het medisch model....................................................14
Holistische mensvisie, holisme en humanistische geneeskunde..........................................................14
Visie op zorg als kernbegrip in de verpleegkunde.........................................................................15
Zelfzorg en basiszorg............................................................................................................................15
Omschrijving.........................................................................................................................................15
Voorwaarden........................................................................................................................................15
Kenmerken...........................................................................................................................................15
Mantelzorg= informele zorg.........................................................................................................15
Professionele zorg........................................................................................................................15
Verpleegkundige modellen e theorien in het algemeen.......................................................................15
Definitie............................................................................................................................................15
Theorie.........................................................................................................................................15
Verpleegkundig theorie................................................................................................................15
Theorie en praktijk........................................................................................................................15
Functies............................................................................................................................................16
Relatie verpleegkundig model en theorie.........................................................................................16
Verplegingswetenschap....................................................................................................................16
Belang...............................................................................................................................................16
Zelfzorgtheorie.............................................................................................................................16
Adaptatietheorie..........................................................................................................................16
Relatietheorie...............................................................................................................................16
Holistische theorie........................................................................................................................16
Interactie theorie..........................................................................................................................16
Behavioristische/ gedragstheorie.................................................................................................16
Verpleegkundige modellen...................................................................................................................17
Zelfzorgmodel van Orem..................................................................................................................17
Algemeen......................................................................................................................................17
Theorie van zelfzorg.....................................................................................................................17
,Gezond bestaan....................................................................................................................................17
Zelfzorgbehoeften................................................................................................................................17
3 typen.................................................................................................................................................17
4 niveaus..............................................................................................................................................17
Therapeutisch vereiste zelfzorg............................................................................................................17
Belang...................................................................................................................................................17
Theorie van zelfzorgtekort............................................................................................................17
Zelfzorgvermogen.................................................................................................................................17
Zelfzorggedrag vraagt:..........................................................................................................................17
oorzaken...............................................................................................................................................18
2 manieren...........................................................................................................................................18
2 wijzen volgens Orem.........................................................................................................................18
theorie van verpleegkundig handelen (=verpleegkundig vermogen)...........................................18
Niveaus.................................................................................................................................................18
Ondersteunend/ educatief systeem.....................................................................................................18
Compenserend systeem.......................................................................................................................18
Voordelen.....................................................................................................................................18
Nadelen........................................................................................................................................18
Adaptatiemodel van Callista Roy......................................................................................................19
Omschrijving.................................................................................................................................19
Mens als adaptief systeem...........................................................................................................19
Adaptatieniveau...................................................................................................................................19
Stimulus................................................................................................................................................19
Coping mechanismen...........................................................................................................................19
Aanpassingswijzen................................................................................................................................19
Respons................................................................................................................................................19
Functie van de verpleegkundige volgens Roy...................................................................................20
Voordelen.....................................................................................................................................20
Nadelen........................................................................................................................................20
, Verpleegkundige modellen en theorieën
Opzoek naar de definitie van
verpleegkunde
Historie
Na WO II
= vertechnolosering
Steeds meer handelingen die oorspronkelijk voor een arts behouden waren, behoren onder
bepaalde voorwaarden tot het takenpakket van de verpleegkundige. Verpleegkundigen waren
hier heel blij mee en zager er de erkenning van hun beroep in. Het was statusverhogend.
---> hoge waardering voor technische diensten zoals intensieve zorgen. 4
---> minder theoretische belangstelling voor het begrip zorg --> lage waardering voor zorg aan
bed
Jaren 60
= democratie, mondigheid en feminisme
Onder de invloed van de menswetenschappen begon er verandering in het gemedicaliseerd
denken over de verpleegkunde te komen ---> bekommering om de patiënt staat centraal
Ontstaan van de verplegingswetenschap door de ontwikkeling van verpleegkundige theorieën
Er is een groeiende behoefte aan wettelijke, wetenschappelijke en financiële waardering --->
wet op de verpleegkunde en witte-woedeacties
Heden
Spanningsveld tussen de wens om efficiënt en controleerbaar te werken en de wens om
patiëntgericht bezig te zijn
Er is een schaarste aan verpleegkundigen waardoor ze zich moeten richten op het welzijn van
de patiënt en minder belangrijke dingen achterwege moet laten.
Verpleegkunde volgens de wettelijke reglementering
Verpleegkundige opdracht gaat over de uitoefening van geneeskunde, verpleegkunde,
paramedische beroepen en geneeskundige commissies
Wet op de verpleegkunde gaat over de uitoefening van verpleegkundige handelinge, prestaties
en kwalificatie vereisten van de beoefenaars
Functies
A-functie
Observeren
Nauwkeurig symptomen vastleggen
Zieken voortdurend bijstaan en handelingen helpen verrichten die bijdragen tot het behoud,
verbetering of herstel van de gezondheid
B1- functie
= verpleegtechnische prestaties zonder voorschrift
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