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Samenvatting Anatomie en fysiologie: hormoonstelsel
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Hormoonstelsel = endocrien stelselCommunicatie tussen de cellen ............................................................................................. 4
Homeostase ...................................................................................................................... 4
Hormoonstelsel .............................................................................................................. 4
❖ Vergelijkbaar met zenuwstelsel............................................................................ 4
Hormonen ............................................................................................................................. 5
Hormoonstelsel .................................................................................................................. 5
Structuur van hormonen .................................................................................................... 5
Aminozuurderivaten ....................................................................................................... 5
Peptiden en eiwitten ....................................................................................................... 5
Vetderivativen ................................................................................................................ 5
❖ Steroïden ............................................................................................................. 5
❖ Eicosanoïden ....................................................................................................... 6
Werkingsmechanisme van hormonen ................................................................................ 6
Afgifte en transport ............................................................................................................ 6
Afgifte ............................................................................................................................. 6
❖ In het bloed kunnen hormonen: ........................................................................... 6
Regulering hormonale activiteit .......................................................................................... 7
Via negatieve terugkoppeling ......................................................................................... 7
Regulering via humorale prikkels .................................................................................... 7
Regulering via hormonale prikkels .................................................................................. 7
Regulering via neurale prikkels....................................................................................... 8
De hypofyse .......................................................................................................................... 9
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................. 9
Anatomie ........................................................................................................................... 9
Hypofysevoorkwab (adenohypofyse) .............................................................................. 9
Hypofyseachterkwab (neurohypofyse)...........................................................................10
Fysiologie .........................................................................................................................10
Hypofysevoorkwab (adenohypofyse) .............................................................................10
❖ Thyroidstimulerend hormoon (TSH) = thyrotropine .............................................10
❖ Adrenocorticotroop hormoon (ACTH)= corticotropine .........................................11
❖ Gonadotropine (= geslachtshormoon) .................................................................11
• Follikelstimulerend hormoon (FSH) .................................................................11
• Luteïniserend hormoon (LH)............................................................................11
❖ Prolactine (PRL) .................................................................................................11
❖ Groeihormoon (GH) ............................................................................................11
❖ Melanocyt stimulerend hormoon (MSH) ..............................................................12
, Hypofyseachterkwab (neurohypofyse)...........................................................................12
❖ Antidiuretisch hormoon (ADH) ............................................................................12
❖ Oxytocine............................................................................................................13
De schildklier= Glandula thyroidea .......................................................................................13
Anatomie ..........................................................................................................................13
Fysiologie .........................................................................................................................14
Schildklierhormonen = thyroidhormonen .......................................................................14
Bijschildklieren ..................................................................................................................15
Fysiologie ......................................................................................................................15
De bijnieren = suprarenale klier ............................................................................................15
Anatomie ..........................................................................................................................16
De bijnierschors / cortex (buitenste laag) .......................................................................16
Het bijniermerg / suprarenale medulla (binnenste laag) .................................................16
Fysiologie .........................................................................................................................16
De bijnierschors.............................................................................................................16
❖ steroïdhormonen (corticosteroïden) ....................................................................16
❖ Mineralocorticoïden (bv aldosteron) ....................................................................17
❖ Glucocorticoïden (bv cortisol= stresshormoon) ...................................................17
❖ Androgenen (= geslachtshormoon bij de man)....................................................17
Het bijniermerg (suprarenale medulla) ...........................................................................17
De epifyse = pijnappelklier....................................................................................................17
Melatonine: .......................................................................................................................17
Functies: .......................................................................................................................17
❖ Remming voortplanting .......................................................................................17
❖ Werking als antioxidant .......................................................................................18
❖ Instellen dag-nachtritme......................................................................................18
De pancreas = alvleesklier ...................................................................................................18
Anatomie en fysiologie ......................................................................................................18
Eilandjes van Langerhans .............................................................................................19
❖ α-cellen (alfacellen) → glucagon .........................................................................19
❖ β-cellen (bètacellen) → insuline ..........................................................................19
Fysiologie .........................................................................................................................19
Secundaire endocriene functies ...........................................................................................19
De darmen ........................................................................................................................19
De nieren ..........................................................................................................................19
Het hart .............................................................................................................................20
De thymus = zwezerik .......................................................................................................20
, De voortplantingsorganen .................................................................................................20
Testes ...........................................................................................................................20
Ovaria ...........................................................................................................................21
Vetweefsel ........................................................................................................................21
Besluit ..................................................................................................................................21
, Hormoonstelsel = endocrien stelsel
Communicatie tussen de cellen
Homeostase
➢ Om homeostase te handhaven is communicatie nodig tussen de cellen
o Het grootste deel van de communicatie vindt plaats door chemische
signaalstoffen die worden afgegeven aan extracellulaire vloeistof
Hormoonstelsel
➢ Langdurige communicatie tussen cellen
➢ Communicatie door chemische signaalstoffen = hormonen
➢ Vergelijkbaar met geadresseerde brieven
o Hormonen zijn geadresseerde brieven – bloedvatenstelsel is de postbode
➢ Hormonen bevatten specifieke doelcellen. Deze specifieke doelcellen bevatten
receptoren die nodig zijn om hormonale berichten te binden en te lezen
o Alle cellen van het lichaam worden aan de info blootgesteld. Enkel de info van
het juiste hormonen wordt ontvangen de andere hormonen worden genegeerd
❖ Vergelijkbaar met zenuwstelsel
➢ Beide systemen werken met afgifte van chemische stoffen die zich binden aan
specifieke receptoren op doelcellen
➢ Gemeenschappelijke chemische signaalstoffen
o Noradrenaline en adrenaline als ze aan het bloed worden afgegeven
o Neurotransmitters als ze als ze bij een synaps worden afgegeven
➢ Vooral regeling door negatieve terugkoppeling
➢ Coördineren en reguleren activiteit van andere cellen, weefsels, organen en stelsels
en handhaven de homeostase
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