These notes offer a comprehensive guide to the theory needed to write final exams in matric for chemistry. They contain all the information in the IEB chemistry syllabus for the Chlor-Alkali industry . They are typed in a column format for easy learning. They have an array of diagrams to aid learne...
Chlor-Alkali Industry
Industry based on electrolysis of common salt, sodium chloride 2 prepare
chlorine, hydrogen & sodium hydroxide.
Brine Solution (Concentrated Nacl Solution)
Chlorine Hydrogen Sodium hydroxide
(Caustic soda)
Poisonous yellow green Colourless flammable White crystalline solid.
gas. gas. Absorbs moisture & CO2
More dense than air. Less dense than air. Alkaline & corrosive.
Partially soluble in water Collected though Dissolves in water 2
Form acidic solution. downward displacement form strong base.
Acts as bleach due 2 of water. Exothermic reaction w/e
presence of hypochlorite dissolving in water.
(ClO—ion)
Cl2 + H2O → HCl + HOCl
Uses Uses Uses
Making plastic. Making synthetic Make soap & detergents
Water purification. material. Making paper.
Bleach in paper industry. Preparation of ammonia Purification of bauxite in
Making hydrochloric acid (Haber process) extraction of aluminium.
Disinfectants, pesticides Hardening of vegetable Making synthetic mats.
Solvents 4 degreasing. oil (Hydrogenation) Making dyes &
pharmaceuticals.
Electrolysis of Brine The Industrial Processes
(concentrated NaCl) ▪ Brine = purified 2 remove calcium,
strontium & magnesium. Presence
ANODE: 2Cl- → Cl2 + 2e-
of these ions affect membrane cell
▪ Solution = concentrated otherwise
as ions will plug membrane &
H2O will oxidise 2 O2
prevent Na+ -ions from migrating.
CATHODE: 2H2O + 2e- → H2 + 2OH-
▪ Brine = concentrated b4 entering
Na+- ion will not react bcz very weak
cell otherwise O2 gas be produced.
oxidizing agent – spectator ion.
▪ Chlorine gas prepared @ anode
Overall reaction:
2NaCl(s)+2H2O(l)→2NaOH(aq)+Cl2(g)+H2(g) made of Titanium.
Prods formed = separated due 2: Three types of cells used (membrane
▪ H2 & Cl2 combine explosively. cell = preferred.)
▪ OH- ions migrate 2 anode 2 release 1. Membrane cell
O2 - react w/ carbon electrodes 2. Diaphragm cell
2OH- → H2O + ½O2 + 2e- 3. Mercury cell
& C + O2 → CO2
▪ Cl2 combine w/ NaOH 2 prod
sodium hypochlorite
NaOH + Cl2 → NaOCl + HCl
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller amywallace. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.73. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
