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tema 6 completo
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TEMA 6: LES ECONOMIES OBERTES (SECTOR EXTERIOR)1. EL COMERÇ EXTERIOR I LA BALANÇA DE PAGAMENTS
Fins ara hem estudiat una economia tancada. Si obrim l’economia hi ha 2 implicacions:
1) Mercat de béns: importacions i exportacions
2) Mercats financers: els agents poden escollir actius estrangers en les seves decisions de cartera
1.1. La balança de pagaments
Es el registre en moneda nacional de les transaccions dels residents d’un país amb la resta del món
realitzats en un període de temps (un any).
3 comptes:
1) Balança de compte corrent: comerç de béns i serveis, transferències i rendes
Balança comercial: X-Q de bens
Dèficit: X<Q Superàvit: X>Q (ingresos – pagaments)
Balança de serveis: X-Q de serveis
Balança de transferències: Operacions sense contrapartida: fons estructurals, UE, ajuts...
Balança de rendes: Renda neta de beneficis, interessos i dividends procedents d’inversions
2) Balança per compte de capital: compres i vendes d’actius no financers
Adquisicions i vendes d’actius no financers: cases, copirights...
Condonació de deute de països
3) Balanç per compte financer: compres i vendes d’actius financers Déficit: ingresos x venda
Inversió directa: compra i venda empreses, fàbriques... d’actius > pagaments x
Inversió cartera: compra i venda de bons, accions... compra d’actius
Crèdits Superàvit: al reves
Reserves
2. EL MERCAT DE DIVISES Y EL TIPUS DE CANVI
2.1. El tipus de canvi
Es el preu d’una moneda en termes d’una a altra
Dos maneres de cotització:
1) El nombre d’unitats de moneda domèstica que es poden intercanviar per una unitat estrangera
(directe o Americà)
2) El nombre d’unitats de moneda estrangera que es poden intercanviar per una uniat de moneda
domèstica (indirecte o europeu)
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