Summary

Samenvatting Anorganische chemie

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Course
Anorganische Chemie (V3A726)

Institution
Katholieke Hogeschool VIVES (VIVES)

Volgende hoofdstukken worden behandeld Structuuraspecten van de materie Chemische binding Chemische functies Chemische reactie Stoichiometrie Chemisch evenwicht Homogene evenwichten in water Heterogene evenwichten in water Reactiesnelheid Kernchem...

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Uploaded on January 22, 2022
Number of pages 86
Written in 2019/2020
Type Summary

anorganische chemie
chemie
moleculen
atomen
kernchemie
chemisch evenwicht
oxidatie reductie

Institution
Katholieke Hogeschool VIVES (VIVES)
Education
Agro-en Biotechnologie
Course
Anorganische Chemie (V3A726)

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1. Summary - Analytische chemie
2. Summary - Organische chemie
3. Other - Organische chemie reacties
4. Summary - Anorganische chemie
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ANORGANISCHE CHEMIE
INHOUD

Hoofdstuk 1: Structuuraspecten van de materie ........................................................................................................... 6
1. Atomen en moleculen ......................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Samenstelling van een atoom ............................................................................................................................. 6
1.2 Atoomnummer (Z) en Massanummer (A) ........................................................................................................... 7
1.3 Isotopen .............................................................................................................................................................. 9
1.4 Relatieve atoommassa (RAM) ........................................................................................................................... 10
1.5 Relatieve molecuulmassa (RMM) ..................................................................................................................... 10
1.6 Mol en Molaire massa ....................................................................................................................................... 10
2. Elektronen in schillen en orbitalen ....................................................................................................................... 11
2.1 Visie van Bohr.................................................................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Moderne atoomtheorie .................................................................................................................................... 11
2.3 Elektronenconfiguratie ..................................................................................................................................... 14
Voorstelling elektronenconfiguratie ........................................................................................................................ 15
2.4 Inversie 15
2.5 Elektronenconfiguratie en periodiek systeem .................................................................................................. 16
Hoofdstuk 3: Chemische binding ................................................................................................................................. 17
1) Ionbinding ......................................................................................................................................................... 17
3.1 Definitie van een ionbinding ............................................................................................................................. 18
3.2 Schrijven ionbinding .......................................................................................................................................... 18
Kationen, positief geladen iongroepen .................................................................................................................... 18
Anionen en negatief geladen iongroepen ................................................................................................................ 19
2.6 Stoichiometrische of samengestelde namen .................................................................................................... 20
2.7 Mechanisme van de vorming van een ionbinding ............................................................................................ 21
1ste ionisatie – energie .............................................................................................................................................. 22
2de ionisatie – energie ............................................................................................................................................. 22
3de ionisatie – energie ............................................................................................................................................. 22
Elektronenaffiniteit (stap 4) ..................................................................................................................................... 23
2) Covalente binding ................................................................................................................................................. 24
Voorstelling covalente binding ................................................................................................................................. 25
Soorten covalente bindingen ................................................................................................................................... 25
Formele lading (goed kennen) ................................................................................................................................. 26
Bepaling Lewisformule ............................................................................................................................................. 27
Stappenplan voor Lewis formule.......................................................................................................................... 27
Resonantie (mesomerie) .......................................................................................................................................... 28

, Elektronennegativiteit (EN) – Polariteit van covalente binding ............................................................................... 29
Het begrip Elektronennegativiteit (examen) ........................................................................................................ 29
V.S.E.P.R. – theorie ................................................................................................................................................... 30
Voorbeelden: ........................................................................................................................................................... 33
Hybridisatie .................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Sp - Sp2 – Sp3 ................................................................................................................................................................. 36
Sp3d – sp3d2 .................................................................................................................................................................. 37
Hybridisatie dubbele en driedubbele binding .............................................................................................................. 39
Polariteit van covalente moleculen .............................................................................................................................. 40
Radicalen ...................................................................................................................................................................... 41
Stappen van radicaal reacties .................................................................................................................................. 41
Toepassingen radicalen ............................................................................................................................................ 41
Metaalbinding .............................................................................................................................................................. 42
Krachten en bindingen tussen en in moleculen ........................................................................................................... 42
In een molecule: intermoleculaire krachten ............................................................................................................ 42
Tussen moleculen: intermoleculaire krachten ............................................................................................................. 43
Hoofdstuk 4: Chemische functies ................................................................................................................................. 44
Zuurfunctie (zuren) .................................................................................................................................................. 44
Binaire zuren ........................................................................................................................................................ 44
Oxozuren of ternaire zuren .................................................................................................................................. 44
Toepassingen van zuren ....................................................................................................................................... 45
Basenfunctie (basen) ................................................................................................................................................ 45
Hydroxidebasen ................................................................................................................................................... 45
Aminebasen.......................................................................................................................................................... 45
Toepassingen van basen ...................................................................................................................................... 45
Zoutfunctie ............................................................................................................................................................... 46
Toepassingen zouten............................................................................................................................................ 46
Oxiden ...................................................................................................................................................................... 46
Zure oxiden........................................................................................................................................................... 46
Basische oxiden .................................................................................................................................................... 46
Amfotere oxiden .................................................................................................................................................. 47
Toepassingen oxiden ............................................................................................................................................ 47
Belangrijke kenmerken van verbindingen ................................................................................................................ 47
Sterke elektrolyten ............................................................................................................................................... 47
Zwakke elektrolyten ............................................................................................................................................. 48
Ionisatiegraad ....................................................................................................................................................... 48
Lijst met belangrijkste zuren en afgeleide zuurresten ............................................................................................. 49

,Chemische reacties ...................................................................................................................................................... 50
Zuurbasereacties ...................................................................................................................................................... 50
Reactie van een zuur met een base ..................................................................................................................... 50
Reactie van een zuur oxide met een base ............................................................................................................ 51
Reactie van een basisch oxide met een zuur ....................................................................................................... 51
Reactie met amfotere oxiden met zuren of basen............................................................................................... 51
Sterkzuur verdrijft een zwakzuur uit zijn zout...................................................................................................... 52
Sterke base verdrijft een zwakke base uit haar zout ........................................................................................... 52
Neerslagreactie ........................................................................................................................................................ 52
Oxidatiereductiereacties .......................................................................................................................................... 53
Oxidatiegetal ........................................................................................................................................................ 53
Hoe een oxidatie reductie reactie neerschrijven? ................................................................................................... 54
1. Oxidatiegetal veranderingen ......................................................................................................................... 54
2. Vereenvoudigde reactievergelijking ............................................................................................................. 54
3. Elektronentransfer ........................................................................................................................................ 54
4. Elektronenbalans .......................................................................................................................................... 54
5. Ladingsbalans ................................................................................................................................................ 55
6. Zuurstof – en waterstofbalans ...................................................................................................................... 55
7. Molecuulbalans ............................................................................................................................................. 55
Stoichiometrie .............................................................................................................................................................. 56
Uitdrukken van concentratie.................................................................................................................................... 56
Massa /Volume procent ....................................................................................................................................... 56
Molariteit (CN) ......................................................................................................................................................... 56
Normaliteit ............................................................................................................................................................... 57
Gramequivalent in zuur – basereacties ................................................................................................................ 57
Gramequivalent in redoxreacties ......................................................................................................................... 58
Volume / volume procent ........................................................................................................................................ 58
Concentratie uitdrukken in mol-eenheden .............................................................................................................. 58
Kwantitatieve oefeningen reactievergelijkingen.................................................................................................. 58
Reacties in oplossing ................................................................................................................................................ 59
Redoxreacties ....................................................................................................................................................... 59
Chemisch evenwicht .................................................................................................................................................... 60
Kc – waarde .............................................................................................................................................................. 60
Algemeen ............................................................................................................................................................. 60
Factoren die chemisch evenwicht beïnvloeden ....................................................................................................... 60
Toevoegen of wegnemen een van de reactiepartners ........................................................................................ 60
Verdunning van een oplossing ............................................................................................................................. 61

, Verandering van druk ........................................................................................................................................... 61
Invloed van temperatuur op het evenwicht ........................................................................................................ 61
Invloed van katalysator ........................................................................................................................................ 61
Homogene evenwichten in water ................................................................................................................................ 62
Waterconstante Kw.................................................................................................................................................. 62
Waterstof exponent pH............................................................................................................................................ 62
Protolysereacties met water .................................................................................................................................... 63
Zuur base reacties ................................................................................................................................................ 63
Zuurconstante .......................................................................................................................................................... 64
Baseconstante .......................................................................................................................................................... 65
Richting van zuur – base reactie........................................................................................................................... 65
Buffermengsels ........................................................................................................................................................ 65
Zuur base titratie ...................................................................................................................................................... 67
Heterogene evenwichten in water............................................................................................................................... 67
Oplosbaarheid .......................................................................................................................................................... 67
Oplosbaarheidsproduct ............................................................................................................................................ 67
Toepassingen homogene en heterogene evenwichten in grotten .......................................................................... 69
Reactiesnelheid ............................................................................................................................................................ 70
Nulde orde reactie ................................................................................................................................................... 70
Eerste orde reactie ................................................................................................................................................... 71
Activatie – energie ................................................................................................................................................... 72
Snelheid en temperatuur ..................................................................................................................................... 72
Katalyse ................................................................................................................................................................ 73
Kernchemie .................................................................................................................................................................. 74
Aard en eigenschappen van radioactieve straling ................................................................................................... 74
Soorten ladingen .................................................................................................................................................. 74
Alfa straling .......................................................................................................................................................... 75
Bèta straling ......................................................................................................................................................... 75
Gamma straling .................................................................................................................................................... 75
Neutrino’s............................................................................................................................................................. 75
Desintegratiesnelheid – halveringstijd ..................................................................................................................... 76
Atoomkernen eigenschappen .................................................................................................................................. 78
Isotopenverdeling ................................................................................................................................................ 78
Stabiliteit .............................................................................................................................................................. 78
Kernsplijting en kernversmelting ............................................................................................................................. 79
Splijting of fissie ................................................................................................................................................... 79
Versmelting of fusie ............................................................................................................................................. 79

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