Summary
Samenvatting SKELET EN BEWEGINGSTELSEL VAN DE MENS
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op basis van leerstofoverzicht toelatingsexamen geneeskunde
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SKELET EN BEWEGINGSTELSELVAN DE MENS
SKELETONDERDELEN: LANGE EN PLATTE
BEENDEREN (BOUW EN GROEI), SOORTEN
GEWRICHTEN
Prikkel beweging (nodig: samenwerking tss de beenderen, de gewrichten en de spieren)
Endoskelet (inwendig stelsel van botten en spieren)
skelet=beenderenstelsel met functies: ondersteuning/bescherming/opslagplaats
mineralen/rol beweging lichaam/ plaats aanmaak bloedcellen
been en kraakbeen
hard + veerkrachtig want de beencellen/osteocyten maken kalk (stevigheid) en lijmstof
(flexibel) kraakbeen: lijmstof>kalk (jonge kinderen: lijmstof>kalk)
Soorten beenderen
Beenderen opgebouwd uit osteocyten en bloedvaten vasculaire cellulaire beenderen
Platte beenderen
Dun+breed (vb:schedel/ribben/schouderblad) rood bloedmerg (bloedcompenten aangemaakt)
Functies: bescherming/spieraanhechting/aanmaak bloedcellen
Lange beenderen
Lengte>breedte (vb:opperarmbeen/dijbeen)
Pijpbeenderen in armen en benen te vinden zoals spaakbeen/ellepijp geel beenmerg
(opslag vetweefsel)
Diafyse=schacht (gevuld met vetweefsel en beenmerg)
Epifyse bevat kraakbeencellen groeischijven (in lengte kunnen
groeien)
Holtes: rood beenmerg bloedcellen
Beenvlies=periosteum: verankerd via de Sharpey vezels
Groei: boek 2 p96-97
Soorten beenweefsel:
Compact beenweefsel: hard+massief/buitenzijde beenderen/sterkte+bescherming
Sponsachtig beenweefsel: holtes+beenverbindingen/weefsel richting
mergholte+epifyse/schokdemper+maakt bot licht
Beiden: bloedvaten en zenuwen
Korte beenderen
Lengte=breedte (vb:beenderen enkel/pols)
Onregelmatige beenderen
Ingewikkelde vorm (vb:wervels van de wervelkolom)
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