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Samenvatting aardrijkskunde 1

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Samenvatting van 48 pagina's voor het vak Aardrijkskunde aan de HoGent

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  • January 24, 2022
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  • 2021/2022
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Samenvatting Aardrijkskunde 1
Inhoud
1. Inleiding..............................................................................................................................................4
1.1. Het vak aardrijkskunde................................................................................................................4
1.2. De onderwijskundige driehoek....................................................................................................4
1.2.1. Wat is aardrijkskunde?.........................................................................................................4
1.3. De geografische kubus van Jos Blokhuis......................................................................................5
1.4. Het aardrijkskundig stappenplan.................................................................................................6
1.5. Big Ideas.......................................................................................................................................7
1.6. Het geografisch besef..................................................................................................................7
1.7. Landschappen..............................................................................................................................7
2. Cartografie..........................................................................................................................................8
2.1. Inleiding.......................................................................................................................................8
2.1.1. Wat is cartografie?................................................................................................................8
2.1.2. Historisch overzicht..............................................................................................................8
2.2. De wereld op kaart: 2D naar 3D...................................................................................................8
2.2.1. De vorm van de aarde...........................................................................................................8
2.2.2. Het voorstellen van de aardbol.............................................................................................8
2.2.3. Geografische coördinaten.....................................................................................................8
2.2.4. Kaartprojecties......................................................................................................................8
2.3. De kaart: ruimtelijk gebonden informatie.................................................................................10
2.3.1. Terminologie.......................................................................................................................10
2.3.2. Kaartschalen.......................................................................................................................11
2.3.3. Symbolen............................................................................................................................11
2.3.4. Reliëf op kaart.....................................................................................................................11
2.3.5. Soorten kaarten en cartogrammen.....................................................................................12
2.4. De topografische kaart van België.............................................................................................13
2.4.1. Constructie..........................................................................................................................14
2.5. Kaartgebruik (voor dummies)....................................................................................................17
2.5.1. Oriënteren op het terrein...................................................................................................17
3. Kosmografie......................................................................................................................................18
3.1. Inleiding.....................................................................................................................................18
3.2. Waarnemingen van het heelal...................................................................................................18
3.2.1. Andere hinder voor waar te nemen....................................................................................18


1

, 3.3. Het zonnestelsel........................................................................................................................18
3.3.1. Ontstaan van het zonnestelsel............................................................................................18
3.3.2. De structuur van het zonnestelsel......................................................................................19
3.3.3. De zon: elementaire steekkaart..........................................................................................20
3.4. De aarde: bewegingen en gevolgen...........................................................................................21
3.4.1. De aardrotatie.....................................................................................................................21
3.4.2. De gevolgen van de aardrotatie..........................................................................................21
3.4.3. De aardrevolutie.................................................................................................................23
3.4.4. De gevolgen van de aardrevolutie......................................................................................24
3.4.5. Afwijkingen in de beweging van de aarde..........................................................................26
3.5. De maan (AKA Luna)..................................................................................................................26
3.5.1. Elementaire steekkaart.......................................................................................................26
3.5.2. Ontstaan van de maan........................................................................................................26
3.5.3. De maanbewegingen..........................................................................................................27
3.6. de getijdewerking......................................................................................................................27
3.6.1. begrippen............................................................................................................................27
3.6.2. ontstaan van het astronomische evenwichtsgetij...............................................................28
3.6.3. Soorten getij.......................................................................................................................29
3.7. De verduisteringen....................................................................................................................29
3.7.1. De maansverduistering.......................................................................................................29
3.7.2. zonsverduistering...............................................................................................................30
4. Weer en klimaat...............................................................................................................................30
4.1. Inleiding.....................................................................................................................................30
4.2. De atmosfeer.............................................................................................................................30
4.2.1. Definitie/kenmerken...........................................................................................................30
4.2.2. De samenstelling van de atmosfeer....................................................................................31
4.2.3. Indeling van de atmosfeer..................................................................................................31
4.2.4. Stralingsbalans van de aarde..............................................................................................32
4.3. Temperatuur..............................................................................................................................32
4.3.1. Algemeen............................................................................................................................32
4.3.2. Temperatuur op aarde: beïnvloedende factoren................................................................32
4.3.3. Het meten van temperatuur...............................................................................................33
4.4. Luchtdruk en winden.................................................................................................................34
4.4.1. Luchtdruk............................................................................................................................34
4.4.2. Wind...................................................................................................................................36
4.5. Algemeen circulatiepatroon......................................................................................................39

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, 4.5.1. Theoretisch (vereenvoudigd)..............................................................................................39
4.5.2. Het werkelijke patroon.......................................................................................................40
4.6. De oceaanstromingen................................................................................................................41
4.7. Klimaten.....................................................................................................................................42
4.7.1. Klimaatverschillen (zenit pp.111)........................................................................................42
4.7.2. Het klimatogram.................................................................................................................42
4.7.3. Classificatie van klimaten en determinatie.........................................................................42
4.8. Luchtvochtigheid.......................................................................................................................42
4.8.1. De absolute luchtvochtigheid.............................................................................................42
4.8.2. De relatieve luchtvochtigheid.............................................................................................42
4.8.3. Het dauwpunt.....................................................................................................................42
4.8.4. Natteboltemperatuur.........................................................................................................42
4.8.5. Heatindex............................................................................................................................42
4.8.6. Droge en vochtige adiabetische afkoeling..........................................................................42
4.8.7. Meting van luchtvochtigheid..............................................................................................43
4.9. Condensatie, wolken en neerslag..............................................................................................43
4.9.1. Wolken................................................................................................................................43
4.9.2. Neerslag..............................................................................................................................43
4.10. Het weer..................................................................................................................................45
4.10.1. Luchtmassa’s.....................................................................................................................45
4.10.2. Fronten.............................................................................................................................45
4.10.3. Gegevens op een weerkaart.............................................................................................47
4.10.4. Weersvoorspelling............................................................................................................48




3

, 1. Inleiding
1.1. Het vak aardrijkskunde
→ 4 hoofdvragen

a) Hoe kan ik ze iets nieuws leren?
b) Wat voor leerlingen
c) Wat is iets? (leerinhoud)
d) Wat is aardrijkskunde

1.2. De onderwijskundige driehoek




1.2.1. Wat is aardrijkskunde?
1.2.1.1. Geografische elementen
→ 2 soorten

 Menselijke elementen
 Natuurlijke elementen

→deze beïnvloeden elkaar op 2 manieren

 Verticale relaties
→ met betrekking tot één plaats/gebied
 Horizontale relaties
→ met betrekking tot meerdere plaatsen /gebieden

→ een netwerk van deze relaties = ruimtelijk systeem

→ deze relaties ondergaan veranderingen = ruimtelijke processen

1.2.1.2. Besluit/definitie
De aardrijkskunde of geografie bestudeert verschijnselen, systemen en processen die gebonden
zijn aan het aardoppervlak en voor hun verwezenlijking ruimte opeisen. Het is een
systeemwetenschap, ze legt de nadruk op de verbanden tussen de verschijnselen.



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