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InhoudInleiding tot materialenleer....................................................................................................................4
1. Indeling van de materialen in materiaalklassen of materiaalfamilies.............................................4
2. Bespreking van de materiaalklassen...............................................................................................4
2.1. Metalen..................................................................................................................................4
2.2. De macromoleculaire materialen of polymeren......................................................................6
2.3. De keramische materialen inclusief de glasachtige materialen...............................................7
2.4. De composieten.......................................................................................................................8
3. Wat zijn kunststoffen......................................................................................................................9
4. Indeling van de vol synthetische kunststoffen................................................................................9
4.1. De thermoplasten..................................................................................................................10
4.2. De thermoharders.................................................................................................................11
4.3. De elastomeren.....................................................................................................................12
4.4. Vergelijkende tabel tussen thermoplasten, thermoharders en elastomeren........................13
5. Indeling van materiaal eigenschappen.........................................................................................15
Chemische eigenschappen...........................................................................................................15
Fysische eigenschappen................................................................................................................16
Mechanische eigenschappen........................................................................................................16
Dimensionele eigenschappen.......................................................................................................16
Steenachtige materialen.......................................................................................................................17
1. Inleiding........................................................................................................................................17
Waarom vloeren?.........................................................................................................................17
Indeling van de steenachtige materialen......................................................................................17
2. Gebakken steenachtige producten...............................................................................................18
2.1. Inleiding.................................................................................................................................18
2.2. Voorbewerken van klei..........................................................................................................18
2.7. Voorbeelden van gebakken steenachtige materialen gebruikt als vloer...............................24
3. Niet gebakken steenachtige producten........................................................................................24
3.1. Op basis van beton................................................................................................................24
3.2. Op basis van kunststoffen: kunstharsvloeren........................................................................24
4. Natuursteen..................................................................................................................................30
4.1. Inleiding van natuursteen volgens ontstaanswijze................................................................30
4.2. Winning van natuursteen (begrijpen)....................................................................................32
4.3. Gesteenten cyclus..................................................................................................................32
4.4. Bespreking van enkele grote groepen natuursteen en voorbeelden.....................................32
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, 4.5. Eigenschappen van natuursteen............................................................................................32
4.6. Oppervlakte afwerking van natuursteen...............................................................................33
4.7. Natuursteen binnen en buiten toepassingen.........................................................................34
4.8. Plaatsing van natuursteen.....................................................................................................34
4.9. Voorbeelden van vloeren in natuursteen..............................................................................34
Hout......................................................................................................................................................35
1. Hout en bomen.............................................................................................................................35
1.1. Inleiding.................................................................................................................................35
1.1. Waarom hout.........................................................................................................................35
1.2. Anatomie van de boom.........................................................................................................35
1.3. Loofhout en naaldhout..........................................................................................................37
1.4. Houtstructuur, vlakken en richtingen....................................................................................39
1.5. Kenmerken van hout.............................................................................................................41
2. Hout en eigenschappen................................................................................................................45
2.1. Begrippen..............................................................................................................................45
2.2. Fysische eigenschappen.........................................................................................................46
2.3. Hout ‘werkt’ (OGK)................................................................................................................49
2.4. Duurzaamheid (GKU).............................................................................................................52
3. Houtaantaster en bescherming....................................................................................................53
3.1. Houtverduurzaming...............................................................................................................53
3.2. De natuurlijke weerstand van hout tegen schimmelaantasting.............................................53
3.3. Aantasting door schimmels....................................................................................................53
3.4. Aantasting door insecten.......................................................................................................55
3.5. Korte bespreking van belangrijkste gebruikssituaties van hout.............................................55
3.6. Wettelijke basis van houtverduurzaming in België................................................................55
3.7. Curatieve behandeling van hout............................................................................................55
3.8. Houtverduurzaming en leefmilieu.........................................................................................55
3.9. Preventieve behandeling van hout........................................................................................55
4. Houtbewerkingstechnieken..........................................................................................................56
4.1. Bomen en planten.................................................................................................................56
Wateren........................................................................................................................................56
Zagen van hout.............................................................................................................................57
Bewerking van hout......................................................................................................................58
4.4. Houtafmetingen en benamingen van secties.........................................................................58
4.5. Fineer.....................................................................................................................................58
5. Hout in industriële platen.............................................................................................................63
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,5.1. Multiplex................................................................................................................................63
5.2. Meubelplaat..........................................................................................................................67
5.3. Vezelplaat: hardboard en zachtboard....................................................................................67
5.4. Spaanplaat.............................................................................................................................68
5.5. MDF.......................................................................................................................................71
5.6. Oriented Strand board...........................................................................................................72
5.7. Postforming...........................................................................................................................73
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, Inleiding tot materialenleer
1. Indeling van de materialen in materiaalklassen of
materiaalfamilies
Om producten te ontwerpen + produceren -> heeft met 4 materiaalfamilies:
- Metalen
- Macromoleculaire materialen of polymeren
- Keramische materialen
- Composieten
Ieder van deze materiaalgroepen heeft specifieke eigenschappen
(tussen de kenmerken van elke groep zijn er overlappingen )
2. Bespreking van de materiaalklassen
2.1. Metalen
2.1.1. Indeling van de metalen
We kunnen de metalen onderverdelen in ‘ferro metalen’ en ‘non-ferro metalen’
Ferrometalen = metaallegeringen met basismateriaal = IJZER
Vb. staal, gietijzer (legeringen zijn ijzer en een klein (maar belangrijk) procent koolstof)
Non-ferro metalen = alle metalen en legeringen NIET gebaseerd op IJZER
Onderverdeeld in 2 groepen:
- Lichte metalen: alle metalen en hun legeringen met dichtheid lager dan 4500kg/m³
Vb. aluminium, magnesium, titaan
- Zware metalen: alle metalen en hun legeringen met dichtheid hoger dan 4500kg/m³
Vb. koper, zink, nikkel, wolfram
Edele metalen = metalen die in zuivere toestand niet worden aangetast door zuivere lucht of
door zuren -> zware non-ferro metalen
Legeringen, wat zijn dat precies?
= een combinatie van twee of meer metalen of van een of meer metalen met een niet
metaal. Het is de bedoeling op die manier de eigenschappen van het basismetaal te
verbeteren.
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