Pre-reg exam notes for both paper 2, complete with memory tricks to help you in your studies! Are you feeling overwhelmed and unsure of what to study/ focus on? These notes contain all the important content likely to come up in your exam, so it serves as a great guide to show you which parts of the...
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MISC
How long we keep records MUR: 2y
Patient safety reports: 30y
Consignment notes for hazardous waste medicines: 3y
PMR for patients that passed away: 10y
Urine colours Co-danthramer - red
Sulfasalazine - orange/ yellow
Senna - Brown
Triamterene - blue
Entacapone - red brown
Privacy
Error reporting 1. Report to NRLS
2. Share error with team and learn from mistake
Adverse reactions reporting Reported to the MHRA
Yellow card
● To identify previously unknown side effects
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, For the buyer’s use only,
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Black triangle drugs
● New drugs
● All side effects to be reported
Data protection ● Anonymised data not protected
● Consent is required if it was being accessed for a different purpose to what was
consented to originally (eg: you can use a patient’s phone number/email address to
inform them their prescription is ready to collect if this is what they consented to, but
you can’t email them with information about a new service unless they specifically
consented to this first.)
● The Data Protection Officer must ensure non-compliance with data protection
legislation is reported to the information Commissioner’s officer within 72 hours
EMC important sections ● Section 4: indications, warnings etc.
● Section 6: FOR ANTIBIOTICS - contains list of susceptible and resistant bacterias
AGREE II To assess quality of guidelines
Types of evidence
1 Systematic ● Review of all or as much possible research on a topic
reviews
2 Randomized ● Best type of study design to determine if treatment is
control trial effective
● Participants randomly allocated to receive or not receive
intervention
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, For the buyer’s use only,
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3 Cohort studies ● Following a group of people over a period of time to
explore effects of exposure
● Eg: Following smokers over decades to investigate
smoking’s effects on lung cancer
4 Case control ● Comparing people who have a disease (presence of
disease) VS people who don’t (absence of disease) to
identify risk factors for a medical condition
5 Cross sectional ● Looking at people who differ on ONE KEY CHARACTERISTIC
study at ONE POINT IN TIME
● Eg: Heart failure in 2010
NNT and NNH
NNT NNH
Number needed to treat Number needed to harm
If NNT is 4, that means for every 4 people If NNH is 4, that means for every 4 people
taking the drug, 1 is treated taking the drug, 1 is harmed
1/ ((exposed and treated/ total exposed) -( 1/ ((exposed and harmed/ total exposed) -(
not exposed and treated/ total not not exposed and harmed/ total not
exposed)) exposed))
Rounded UP Rounded DOWN
Recommended daily intake
Fruit and Veg portions Recommend 5 portions of fruit/ vegetables a day
1 portion equals:
● 80 g of fresh, canned or frozen fruit and vegetables
● Multiple small fruits (eg: berries, kiwi)
● 1 medium sized fruit (eg: Apple, pear, orange)
● 1 slice large fruit (eg: melon, pineapple)
● 30 g of dried fruit
● 150 mL glass of fruit juice (max 1 portion)
Orlistat/ Alli ● Can be given to anyone OTC if they are:
○ Over 18
○ BMI ≥ 28
● Dietary changes BEFORE starting orlistat - low fat, hypocaloric diet
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Distribution to other unauthorized persons would constitute piracy and can result in legal action. The GPhC may also be
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, For the buyer’s use only,
Distribution to other unauthorized persons would constitute piracy and can result in legal action. The GPhC may also be
notified.
Cauda equina syndrome Compression of spinal nerves → loss of bladder control, limp, Severe low back pain, sensory
loss in legs and groin
When to seek help for Call GP if:
children with fever ● <3 months with temp >38
● 3-6 months with temp >39
● Fever for more than 5 days
● Behavioural changes - lack of appetite
● Dehydration - sunken eyes, no wet nappies
● Paracetamol does not work
Call 999 if:
● Symptoms of meningitis
● Photosensitivity
● Seizures
● Cold hands and feet, blue lips of tongue, blotchy skin
● Weak, high pitched cry
● Drowsiness
● Difficulty breathing
Drugs that require tapering Usually over the course of 1 week unless stated otherwise (MAO inhibitors)
Side effect %
Adrenaline
Adrenaline Injected preferably into the anterolateral aspect of the middle third of the thigh,
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