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biology topic 1 paper 1 cells summary
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a summary of b1 cells, including plants, animal and bacterial cells
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The different parts of a cell are called subcellular structures.Most animal cells have the following subcellular structures:
Nucleus - contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
Mitochondria - most reactions for aerobic respiration happen here, respiration
transfers energy that the cell needs to work
Cytoplasm - gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen,
contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions
Cell membrane - holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
Ribosomes - where proteins are made in the cell
Plant cells usually have all the bits animal cells have, plus a few extra:
Rigid cell wall - made of cellulose and supports the cell and strengthens it
Permanent vacuole - contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts
Chloroplasts - where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant, they
contain a green substance called chlorophyll, which absorbs the light needed for
photosynthesis
To estimate the area of a subcellular structure, treat it like a regular shape; length x width.
Bacterial cells are much smaller
Bacteria are prokaryotes
Bacterial cells don't have a ‘true’ nucleus, they have a single circular strand of DNA
that floats freely in the cytoplasm
May also contain one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids
Bacteria don't have chloroplasts or mitochondria
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