Academic English, all you need the know of the grammar, MKDA (English)
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Course
Academic English (L_EABAALG102)
Institution
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
Book
Principles and pitfalls of English grammar
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Thank you very much for stopping by. This is a document with important information of the Academic English lessons.
In this documents you read all you need the know of the grammar.
This document is in English
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1. Lexical words/verb
o words with a meaning, also called content words
o Nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are lexical words
▪ nouns
▪ Verbs
▪ Adjectives
▪ adverbs
o sentence is not complete with just these words
▪ Ate entire cake. Feeling terrible.
2. Grammatical words
o Words with a function, also called function words
o Articles, conjunctions, preposition, pronoun, auxiliary verbs
▪ Articles
▪ adverbial provision indicating a sentence context
▪ preposition
▪ pronoun
▪ auxiliary verb
o the sentence becomes complete with the help of these words
▪ Because I ate the entire cake, I feel terrible.
3. Verb
o Verb
o It shows what someone is doing
o a verb can have the ING form or TO do
o different shapes
▪ Tens/ past or present tens
▪ walks or walked
▪ Aspect/ duration simple or progressive
▪ rains or is raining
2
, ▪ Voice/ active or passive voice
▪ he bought tickets (active voice)
▪ the tickets were bought by him (passive voice)
▪ Mood/ Indicative/ imperative/ subjunctive
▪ He had to leave (indicative)
▪ indicative
▪ Leave! (imperative)
▪ imperative
▪ I insisted that he leave (subjunctive)
▪ subjunctive
4. Noun
o A word that refers to a person, place, object, event, idea, feeling.
o noun
o it has an article in front of it (a, an, the)
o it can be plural or singular
o it can be described by an adjective
5. Pronoun
o pronoun
o I, You, It, Them, Our, Us, His, Myself
6. Concrete noun
o it is clear what it is about
▪ car, boy
7. Abstract noun
o it is not clear what it is about
▪ democracy, arrogance
8. common vs proper nouns
o see picture
o common is general, so restaurant
o clean nouns, is a specification, so kentucky
9. Countable noun
o Countable nouns
o you can say one pen and two pens
o pen, house, plan
10. Non-countable noun
o Countless nouns
o you can't say one advice, two pieces of advice
o wine, water, advice, research, NO A RESEARCH OF RESARCHES
o BUT
▪ Did you hear a noise just now?
▪ I can't work here. There is to much noise.
11. Noun phrase
o a phrase with nouns
o a noun with all the words that go with it
o a whole noun phrase can be replaced by a pronoun (I, You, It, Them, Our, Us,
His, Myself)
o A very bright student went home.
o (A very bright student) He went home.
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