Summary of the course 'Legal English'. This summary contains explanations of English words/phrases and their translation into Dutch. In addition, this summary contains notes explaining the lectures on the UN Convention on contract for the International Sale of Goods (CISG).
Vocabulary
Vocabulary for contracts
Jointly and severally Together and individually
Samen en individueel
Subject to Depending on
Behoudens
Proprietors Owners
Eigenaren
Breach Not-fulfillment of contractual obligations
Inbreuk
Without prejudice Not affecting
Zonder vooroordeel
Right and power Legal authority
Recht en bevoegdheid
Mutual Involving both parties
Wederzijds
Disclosure Publication/making known
Openbaarmaking
Consideration The reason, motive or inducement that
Overweging motivates a person to bind himself by
agreement
Remedies Means by which the violation of a right is
Rechtsmiddelen compensated, in terms of breach of contract
this may be the right to specific performance,
damages, replacement or the right to terminate
the agreement.
Discretion Power to decide
Discretie
Undersigned The ones who signed the document, the
Ondergetekende signatories
Reasonable endeavors Every effort possible
Redelijke inspanningen
Recission A cancellation e.g. of a contract
Teruggave (e.g.= for instance)
Injunction A court order telling someone to stop doing
Bevel something or to not do something
Damages The financial compensation for harm, injury or
Schadevergoeding loss suffered, which may be recovered in the
courts by the injured party
Exercise 2 verbs for contracts (synoniemen)
Abridge, alter Change
Veranderen
Describe detail
Beschrijven
Indemnify Reimburse
Vrijwaren/vergoeden
Warrant Guarantee
, Garanderen
To give notice Inform
Verwittigen (op de hoogte stellen)
Revert to Return to
Terugkeren naar
Construe as Understand and interpret as
Interpreteren als
Engage involve
Inschakelen
Parties to an Agreement
1. The price was negotiated between the buyer and seller of the car.
>Over de prijs is onderhandeld tussen de koper en verkoper van de auto.
2. A lawyer is bound by confidentiality in his relationship with his client.
>Een advocaat is gebonden door vertrouwelijkheid in zijn relatie met zijn client.
3. The organisations bound by the agreement art the signatories otherwise known as the
parties to the agreement.
>de organisaties die gebonden zijn door de overeenkomst zijn de ondertekenaars, ook bekend als de
partijen bij de overeenkomst.
4. This loan agreement binds the borrower to pay a fair amount of interest to the lender.
>deze leningsovereenkomst bindt de lener om een billijk bedrag aan rente te betalen aan de uitlener.
5. The goods are sold by the manufactures to wholesalers, who sell them to retailers who in
turn sell them to customers.
>de goederen worden door de fabrikanten verkocht aan de groothandel, die ze doorverkoopt aan de
detailhandel, die ze op zijn beurt verkoopt aan de klanten.
6. The computer program can be used under licence by the licensee but he is bound by the
requirements and obligations as set out in the licence agreement by the licensor.
>het computerprogramma kan door de licentienemer onder licentie worden gebruikt, maar hij is
gebonden aan de Eisen en verplichtingen zoals die door de licentiegever in de licentieovereenkomst zijn
vastgelegd.
7. The company works on a franchise basis and has as the franchiser many franchisees working
form them.
>de onderneming werkt op franchisebasis en heft als franchisgever vele franchisenemers die voor hen
werken.
8. Outside the court the defendant threatened with repercussions if the plaintiff would not
drop the case.
>buiten de rechtbank dreigde de gedaagde als de eiser de zaak niet zou laten vallen.
Agent nouns
1. A contract is formed when the offer made by the offeror is accepted by the offeree.
Een overeenkomst komt tot stand wanneer het door de aanbieder gedane aanbod door de
ontvanger van het aanbod wordt aanvaard.
2. A tortfeasor is a person who commits a tort, a civil wrong, which causes damage, hurt or
injury to the injured party.
Een onrechtmatige daad is een person die een onrechtmatige daad pleegt, een civielrechtelijk
onrecht, waardoor de benadeelde schade, letsel of benadeling wordt toegebracht.
3. An employee has the right to work in a safe working environment, which the employer is
obligated to ensure.
Een werknemer heft het recht te werken in een veilige werkomgeving, waarvoor de
werkgever verplicht is te zorgen.
, 4. The purchaser buys or purchases a product or good from a vendor.
De koper koopt of koopt een product of goed van een verkoper.
5. A solicitor gives legal advice to his client and sometimes may represent him in court.
Een notaris geeft juridisch advise aan zijn client en kan hem soms in rechte
vertegenwoordigen.
6. The legal owner of the property, the trustee, holds this property in trust for the benefit, and
in accordance with the terms of the trust, of the beneficiary.
De wettelijke eigenaar van het eigendom, de trustee, houdt dit eigendom in vertrouwen ten
voordele, en in overeenstemming met de voorwaarden van het vertrouwen, van de
begunstigde.
7. In litigation, the action is initiated by the plaintiff against the defendant.
Bij een geschil wordt de rechtsvordering ingesteld door de eiser tegen de verweerder.
8. The tenant pays rent to use land owned by the landlord.
De huurder betaalt huur voor het gebruik van grond die eigendom is van de verhuurder.
9. The case was so difficult that the jurors were not able to reach a decision within the
deadline, an extension was called for.
De zaak was zo moeilijk dat de juryleden niet binnen de termijn tot een beslissing konden
komen, er werd om uitstel gevraagd.
10. The person to whom a good is promised to is called the promisee.
Degene aan wie een goed wordt beloofd, wordt de beloftenemer genoemd.
11. A pledge is a form of security to assure that the pledgor will repay a debt or perform an act
under contract, by temporarily giving possession of the pledged property to the pledgee.
Een pandrecht is een vorm van zekerheid om te verzekeren dat de pandgever een schuld zal
terugbetalen of een contractuele handeling zal verrichten, door het bezit van het verpande
goed tijdelijk aan de pandhouder teg even.
The requirements of a contract
Most contracts are agreements, but not all agreements are contracts. A contract is a mutual
agreement between parties. That creates a legally binding obligation upon the parties.
Agreements that concern matters of moral obligation, agreements by which parties agreed that the
are not to be treated as legally binding contracts, or agreements that are not intended to be
contracts, do not fall within scope of the law of contract. Something that appears to be a business
transaction, will not likely be treated as a merely moral obligation.
Expressed intention may sometimes have the effect of turning into a binding contract.
This was the case in the case in the Carllill v Carbolc Smoke Ball Co. (1893). In this case the
conditional offer was made by the Company allegedly without the intention to constitute a contract,
which converted into a contract at the moment that Mrs. Carllill fulfilled the required condition. On
fulfilment of the condition a reward was promised by the Company. The court held that all the
circumstances of the case considered, among which the fact that a sum of money as security for
fulfilment of the condition was deposited at a bank, the Company intentionally had made a binding
offer which Mrs. Carllill accepted.
Even an extravagant or ridiculous offer can be legally binding. To create a contract the offeree must
not always state he accepts the offer. Sometimes a contract is established or an offer is accepted by
fulfilling a condition as stated by the offeror in his conditional offer. If the offeror changes his mind
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